Essential fungal genes and their use

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are essential Aspergillus polypeptides and genes (AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85), as well as homologs thereof, which can be used to identify antifungal agents for treating fungal infections such as aspergillosis.

RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08/965,762 filed on Nov. 7, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,280,863, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to essential fungal genes and their use in identifying antifungal agents.

Fungal infections (mycoses) may be cutaneous, subcutaneous, or systemic. Superficial mycoses include tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, perionychomycosis, pityriasis versicolor, oral thrush, and other candidoses such as vaginal, respiratory tract, biliary, eosophageal, and urinary tract candidoses. Systemic mycoses include systemic and mucocutaneous candidosis, cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, mucormycosis (phycomycosis), paracoccidioidomycosis, North American blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis. Fungal infections can also contribute to meningitis and pulmonary or respiratory tract diseases. Opportunistic fungal infections proliferate, especially in patients afflicted with AIDS or other diseases that compromise the immune system.

Examples of pathogenic fungi include dermatophytes (e.g., Microsporum canis and other M. spp.; and Trichophyton spp. such as T. rubrum, and T. mentagrophytes), yeasts (e.g., Candida albicans, C. Tropicalis, or other Candida species), Torulopsis glabrata, Epidermophyton floccosum, Malassezia furfur (Pityropsporon orbiculare, or P. ovale), Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and other Aspergillus sp., Zygomycetes (e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor), Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Blastomyces dermatitides, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Sporothrix schenckii.

Various strains of the fungus Aspergillus sp. cause aspergillosis, a potentially life-threatening disease in humans and other mammals. The clinical manifestations of aspergillosis in humans are very similar to those observed in rodents and cows. For example, necrosis, angioinvasion, and hematogenous dissemination are common features of aspergillosis in rodent and bovine model systems and in humans. In humans, aspergillosis typically is caused by inhalation of conidia (i.e., asexual spores produced by the fungus). In cattle, pathogenic Aspergillus typically enter the animal through the forestomach and then disseminate through the blood of the animal. Putative virulence factors produced by pathogenic species of Aspergillus include hydroxymate siderophores (i.e., compounds that compete with human iron-binding proteins to acquire iron to support fungal growth), lipids having the ability to inhibit complement and phagocytosis, and proteinases that can degrade elastin and other substrates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the discovery of four new genes in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans that are essential for survival. These genes are referred to herein as AN97, AN80, AN17, and AN85; for convenience, the polypeptides encoded by these genes are referred to herein as “AN polypeptides.” The genes encoding the AN polypeptides are useful molecular tools for identifying similar genes in pathogenic microrganisms, such as pathogenic strains of Aspergillus (e.g. Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus). In addition, the AN polypeptides and the essential genes encoding them are useful targets for identifying compounds that are inhibitors of the pathogens in which the AN polypeptides are expressed. Such inhibitors inhibit fungal growth by being fungistatic (e.g., inhibiting reproduction or cell division) or by being fungicidal (i.e., by causing cell death).

The invention, therefore, features an isolated AN97 polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs 2 and 29, or conservative variations thereof. Nucleic acids encoding AN97 also are included within the invention. In particular, the invention includes an isolated nucleic acid of (a) SEQ ID NO:1, as depicted in FIG. 1, or degenerate variants thereof; (b) SEQ ID NO:1, or degenerate variants thereof, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) nucleic acids complementary to (a) and (b); and (d) fragments of (a), (b), and (c) that are at least 15 base pairs in length and that hybridize under stringent conditions to genomic DNA encoding the polypeptide as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs 2 and 29.

The invention also features an isolated AN80 polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, or conservative variations thereof. Nucleic acids encoding AN80 also are included. In particular, the invention includes an isolated nucleic acid of: (a) SEQ ID NO:4, as depicted in FIG. 2, or degenerate variants thereof; (b) SEQ ID NO:4, or degenerate variants thereof, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) nucleic acids complementary to (a) and (b); and (d) fragments of (a), (b), and (c) that are at least 15 base pairs in length and which hybridize under stringent conditions to genomic DNA encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:5.

The invention also includes an isolated AN85 polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs:8, 30, 31, and 32, or conservative variations thereof. Nucleic acids encoding AN85 also are included. In particular, the invention includes an isolated nucleic acid of: (a) SEQ ID NO:7, as depicted in FIG. 3, or degenerate variants thereof; (b) SEQ ID NO:7, or degenerate variants thereof, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) nucleic acids complementary to (a) and (b); and (d) fragments of (a), (b), and (c) that are at least 15 base pairs in length and which hybridize under stringent conditions to genomic DNA encoding the polypeptide set forth as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs:8, 30, 31, and 32.

The invention also features an isolated AN17 polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs:11, 33, 34, and 35, or conservative variations thereof. Nucleic acids encoding AN17 also are included. In particular, the invention includes an isolated nucleic acid of: (a) SEQ ID NO:10, as depicted in FIG. 4, or degenerate variants thereof; (b) SEQ ID NO:10, or degenerate variants thereof, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) nucleic acids complementary to (a) and (b); and (d) fragments of (a), (b), and (c) that are at least 15 base pairs in length and which hybridize under stringent conditions to genomic DNA encoding the polypeptide set forth as partial sequences in SEQ ID NOs:11, 33, 34, and 35.

The invention also includes isolated nucleic acids that are at least 15 base pairs in length and which hybridize under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:4, SEQ ID NO:7, and SEQ ID NO:10. In addition, the invention includes allelic variants (i.e., genes encoding isozymes) of the genes encoding AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85. For example, the invention includes genes that encode an AN polypeptide but which gene includes point mutation, deletion, promoter variant, or splice site variant, provided that the resulting AN polypeptide functions as an AN polypeptide (e.g., as determined in a complementation assay, as described herein and elsewhere). Also included within the invention are isolated nucleic acid molecules containing the cDNA sequences contained with ATCC accession numbers 209473, 209472, 209484, and 209471(deposited with the American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard, Manasses, Va. 20110-2209 on Nov. 19, 1997), as well as polypeptides encoded by the cDNA sequences of these nucleic acid molecules. encoded by the cDNA sequences of these nucleic acid molecules.

Identification of the AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 genes and the determination that they are essential allows homologs of these genes to be found in other organisms (e.g., fungi, such as yeast like S. cerevisiae; mammalian cells, such as human or murine cells; or plant cells). Thus, the AN polypeptides used not only can be as a model for identifying similar essential genes in other Aspergillus strains, but also to identify homologous essential genes in other organisms, e.g., S. cerevisiae. Because such genes are homologs, they can be expected to be essential for survival without the need for extensive characterization of the homologous gene or polypeptide. Even though some such homologous genes may have previously been identified, the invention allows one to determine that such genes are essential for survival. Having identified such homologous genes as essential, these genes and the polypeptides encoded by these genes can be used to identify compounds that inhibit the growth of the host organism (e.g., compounds that are fungicidal or fungistatic against pathogenic strains of the organism).

As used herein, the term “yeast” refers to organisms of the order Saccharomycetales, which includes yeast such as Saccharomyces and Candida. As described below, several homologs of the AN polypeptides have been identified in the yeast S. cerevisiae and are essential for survival. Given the identification of such genes as essential in S. cerevisiae, homologs of these essential yeast genes can also be found in pathogenic yeast strains (e.g., Candida albicans). The S. cerevisiae polypeptide and gene termed D9798.4 are homologs of the AN97 polypeptide and gene. The D9798.4 polypeptide and nucleic acid are depicted in FIG. 5, and are set forth in SEQ ID NOs:14 and 13, respectively (GenBank Accession No. U32517). As described herein, various methods of the invention can utilize the D9798.4 polypeptide or conservative variations thereof. Also useful are isolated nucleic acids of (a) SEQ ID NO:13, as depicted in FIG. 5, or degenerate variants thereof; (b) SEQ ID NO:13, or degenerate variants thereof, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) nucleic acids complementary to (a) and (b); and (d) fragments of (a), (b), and (c) that are at least 15 base pairs in length and which hybridize under stringent conditions to genomic DNA encoding the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:14.

Yeast homologs of the AN85 and AN80 polypeptides and genes also have been identified as being essential for survival, and these homologs can be used in the methods described herein. As described above for AN97, conservative variations, degenerate variants, complementary sequences, fragments, and nucleic acids in which T is replaced by U also can be used in various methods of the invention. Two homologs of AN85 have been identified. The amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN85 homolog termed YGR010W are depicted in FIG. 6 (GenBank Accession No. Z72795); these sequences are set forth as SEQ ID NOs:17 and 16, respectively. The amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN85 homolog termed L8543.16 are depicted in FIG. 7 (GenBank Accession No. U20618); these sequences are set forth as SEQ ID NOs:20 and 19, respectively. The AN80 polypeptide and gene have a homolog in yeast, termed L8004.2, the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of which are depicted in FIG. 8 (GenBank Accession No. U53876). These sequences are set forth as SEQ ID NOs:23 and 22, respectively.

The term AN97 polypeptide or gene as used herein is intended to include the polypeptide and gene set forth in FIG. 1 herein, as well as homologs of the sequences set forth in FIG. 1. For example, encompassed by the term AN97 gene are degenerate variants of the nucleic acid sequence set forth in FIG. 1. (SEQ ID NO:1). Degenerate variants of a nucleic acid sequence exist because of the degeneracy of the amino acid code; thus, those sequences that vary from the sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1, but which nonetheless encode an AN97 polypeptide are included within the invention. Likewise, because of the similarity in the structures of amino acids, conservative variations can be made in the amino acid sequence of the AN97 polypeptide while retaining the function of the polypeptide (e.g., as determined in a complementation assay, as described herein and elsewhere). AN97 polypeptides and genes identified in additional Aspergillus strains may be such conservative variations or degenerate variants of the particular AN97 polypeptide and nucleic acid set forth in FIG. 1 (SEQ ID NOs:2 and 29; and 1, respectively). The AN97 polypeptide and gene share at least 80%, e.g., 90%, sequence identity with SEQ ID NOs:2 and 29; and 1, respectively. Regardless of the percent sequence identity between the AN97 sequence and the sequence represented by SEQ ID NOs:1 and 2, the AN97 genes and polypeptides encompassed by the invention are able to complement for the lack of AN97 function (e.g., in a temperature-sensitive mutant) in a standard complementation assay. AN97 genes that are identified and cloned from additional Aspergillus strains, and pathogenic strains in particular, can be used to produce AN97 polypeptides for use in the various methods described herein, e.g., for identifying antifungal agents. Likewise, the term AN80 encompasses homologues and conservative and degenerate variants of the sequences depicted in FIG. 2. Such homologues, conservative variations, and degenerate variants of AN17, AN85, and AN80 also are included within the invention. Excluded from the invention are the naturally-occurring homologs of AN polypeptides and nucleic acids found in S. cerevisiae (D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, and L8004.2), although methods employing such polypeptides and nucleic acids are encompassed by the invention.

The AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 genes have been identified and shown to be essential for survival, these AN polypeptides and their yeast homologs (e.g., D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, and L8004.2) can be used to identify antifungal agents. More specifically, these AN polypeptides and their yeast homologs can be used, separately or together, in assays to identify test compounds which bind these polypeptides. Such test compounds are expected to be antifungal agents, in contrast to compounds that do not bind AN97, AN17, AN80, AN85, D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, and/or L8004.2. As described herein, any of a variety of art-known methods can be used to assay for binding of test compounds to the polypeptides. The invention includes, for example, a method for identifying an antifungal or anti-yeast agent where the method entails: (a) contacting an AN polypeptide, or homolog thereof, with a test compound; (b) detecting binding of the test compound to the AN polypeptide or homolog; and (c) determining whether a test compound that binds the AN polypeptide or homolog inhibits growth of fungi or yeast, relative to growth of fungi or yeast cultured in the absence of the test compound that binds the AN polypeptide or homolog, as an indication that the test compound is an antifungal or anti-yeast agent.

In various embodiments, the AN polypeptide is derived from a non-pathogenic or pathogenic Aspergillus strain, such as Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. Preferably, homologs thereof are derived from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The test compound can be immobilized on a substrate, and binding of the test compound to the AN polypeptide or homolog can be detected as immobilization of the AN polypeptide or homolog on the immobilized test compound, e.g., in an immunoassay with an antibody that specifically binds AN97.

If desired, the test compound can be a test polypeptide (e.g., a polypeptide having a random or predetermined amino acid sequence; or a naturally-occurring or synthetic polypeptide). Alternatively, the test compound can be a nucleic acid, such as a DNA or RNA molecule. In addition, small organic molecules can be tested. The test compound can be a naturally-occurring compound or it can be synthetically produced, if desired. Synthetic libraries, chemical libraries, and the like can be screened to identify compounds that bind the AN polypeptides. More generally, binding of test compound to the AN polypeptide or homolog can be detected either in vitro or in vivo. Regardless of the source of the test compound, the AN polypeptides described herein can be used to identify compounds that are fungicidal or fungistatic to a variety of pathogenic or non-pathogenic strains.

In an exemplary method, binding of a test compound to an AN polypeptide can be detected in a conventional two-hybrid system for detecting protein/protein interactions (e.g., in yeast or mammalian cells). Generally, in such a method, (a) the AN polypeptide is provided as a fusion protein that includes the AN polypeptide fused to (i) a transcription activation domain of a transcription factor or (ii) a DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor; (b) the test polypeptide is provided as a fusion protein that includes the test polypeptide fused to (i) a transcription activation domain of a transcription factor or (ii) a DNA-binding domain of a transcription factor; and (c) binding of the test polypeptide to the AN polypeptide polypeptide is detected as reconstitution of a transcription factor. The yeast homologs can be used in similar methods. Reconstitution of the transcription factor can be detected, for example, by detecting transcription of a gene that is operably linked to a DNA sequence bound by the DNA-binding domain of the reconstituted transcription factor (See, for example, White, 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93:10001-10003 and references cited therein and Vidal et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93:10315-10320).

In an alternative method, an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an AN polypeptides is used to identify a compound that decreases the expression of the AN polypeptide in vivo. Such compounds can be used as antifungal agents. To discover such compounds, cells that express an AN polypeptide are cultured, exposed to a test compound (or a mixture of test compounds), and the level of expression or activity is compared with the level of AN polypeptide expression or activity in cells that are otherwise identical but that have not been exposed to the test compound(s). Many standard quantitative assays of gene expression can be utilized in this aspect of the invention.

In order to identify compounds that modulate expression of an AN polypeptide (or homologous sequence), the test compound(s) can be added at varying concentrations to the culture medium of cells that express an AN polypeptide (or homolog), as described above. Such test compounds can include small molecules (typically, non-protein, non-polysaccharide chemical entities), polypeptides, and nucleic acids. The expression of the AN polypeptide is then measured, for example, by Northern blot PCR analysis or RNAse protection analyses using a nucleic acid molecule of the invention as a probe. The level of expression in the presence of the test molecule, compared with the level of expression in its absence, will indicate whether or not the test molecule alters the expression of the AN polypeptide. Because the AN polypeptides are essential for survival, test compounds that inhibit the expression and/or function of the AN polypeptide will inhibit growth of the cells or kill the cells.

Compounds that modulate the expression of the polypeptides of the invention can be identified by carrying out the assay described above and then measuring the levels of the AN polypeptides expressed in the cells, e.g., by performing a Western blot analysis using antibodies that bind an AN polypeptide.

The invention further features methods of identifying from a large group of mutants those strains that have conditional lethal mutations. In general, the gene and corresponding gene product are subsequently identified, although the strains themselves can be used in screening or diagnostic assays. The mechanism(s) of action for the identified genes and gene products provide a rational basis for the design of anti-fungal therapeutic agents. These antifungal agents reduce the action of the gene product in a wild type strain, and therefore are useful in treating a subject with that type, or a similarly susceptible type of infection by administering the agent to the subject in a pharmaceutically effective amount. Reduction in the action of the gene product includes competitive inhibition of the gene product for the active site of an enzyme or receptor; non-competitive inhibition; disrupting an intracellular cascade path which requires the gene product; binding to the gene product itself, before or after post-translational processing; and acting as a gene product mimetic, thereby down-regulating the activity. Therapeutic agents include monoclonal antibodies raised against the gene product.

Furthermore, the presence of the gene sequence in certain cells (e.g., a pathogenic fungus of the same genus or similar species), and the absence or divergence of the sequence in host cells can be determined, if desired. Therapeutic agents directed toward genes or gene products that are not present in the host have several advantages, including fewer side effects, and lower overall dosage.

The invention includes pharmaceutical formulations that include a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and an antifungal agent identified using the methods described herein. In particular, the invention includes pharmaceutical formulations that contain antifungal agents that inhibit the growth of, or kill, pathogenic Aspergillus strains. Such pharmaceutical formulations can be used for treating an Aspergillus infection in an organism. Such a method entails administering to the organism a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical formulation. In particular, such pharmaceutical formulations can be used to treat aspergillosis in mammals such as humans and domesticated mammals (e.g., cows and pigs). The efficacy of such antifungal agents in humans can be estimated in an animal model system well known to those of skill in the art (e.g., bovine and rodent (e.g., mouse) model systems). These formulations also can be used to treat fungal infections in plants, e.g., by topically applying the antifungal agent to the plant. Alternatively, where the antifungal agent is a polypeptide or an antisense RNA, a gene encoding the polypeptide or expressing the antisense RNA can be transfected into the plant, using conventional techniques, and the polypeptide or antisense RNA can be expressed in the plant.

Also included within the invention are polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide. Such antibodies can facilitate detection of AN polypeptides in various Aspergillus strains. These antibodies also are useful for detecting binding of a test compound to AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptides (e.g., using the assays described herein). In addition, monoclonal antibodies that bind AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide are themselves adequate antifungal agents when administered to a mammal, as such monoclonal antibodies are expected to impede one or more functions of AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide.

As used herein, “nucleic acids” encompass both RNA and DNA, including cDNA, genomic DNA, and synthetic (e.g., chemically synthesized) DNA. The nucleic acid may be double-stranded or single-stranded. Where single-stranded, the nucleic acid may be a sense strand or an antisense strand. The nucleic acid may be synthesized using oligonucleotide analogs or derivatives (e.g., inosine or phosphorothioate nucleotides). Such oligonucleotides can be used, for example, to prepare nucleic acids that have altered base-pairing abilities or increased resistance to nucleases.

An “isolated nucleic acid” is a DNA or RNA that is not immediately contiguous with both of the coding sequences with which it is immediately contiguous (one on the 5′ end and one on the 3′ end) in the naturally occurring genome of the organism from which it is derived. Thus, in one embodiment, an isolated nucleic acid includes some or all of the 5′ non-coding (e.g., promoter) sequences that are immediately contiguous to the coding sequence. The term therefore includes, for example, a recombinant DNA that is incorporated into a vector, into an autonomously replicating plasmid or virus, or into the genomic DNA of a prokaryote or eukaryote, or which exists as a separate molecule (e.g., a cDNA or a genomic DNA fragment produced by PCR or restriction endonuclease treatment) independent of other sequences. It also includes a recombinant DNA that is part of a hybrid gene encoding an additional polypeptide sequence. The term “isolated” can refer to a nucleic acid or polypeptide that is substantially free of cellular material, viral material, or culture medium (when produced by recombinant DNA techniques), or chemical precursors or other chemicals (when chemically synthesized). Moreover, an “isolated nucleic acid fragment” is a nucleic acid fragment that is not naturally occurring as a fragment and would not be found in the natural state.

A nucleic acid sequence that is “substantially identical” to an AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 nucleotide sequence is at least 80% or 85% identical to the nucleotide sequence of the Aspergillus AN97, AN80, AN85, and AN17 nucleic acids of SEQ ID NO:1, NO:4, NO:7, and NO:10, respectively, as depicted in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For purposes of comparison of nucleic acids, the length of the reference nucleic acid sequence will generally be at least 40 nucleotides, e.g., at least 60 nucleotides or more nucleotides. Sequence identity can be measured using sequence analysis software (e.g., Sequence Analysis Software Package of the Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center, 1710 University Avenue, Madison, Wis. 53705).

The AN polypeptides of the invention include, but are not limited to, recombinant polypeptides and natural polypeptides. The invention also encompasses nucleic acid sequences that encode forms of AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptides in which naturally occurring amino acid sequences are altered or deleted. Preferred nucleic acids encode polypeptides that are soluble under normal physiological conditions. Also within the invention are nucleic acids encoding fusion proteins in which a portion of AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 is fused to an unrelated polypeptide (e.g., a marker polypeptide or a fusion partner) to create a fusion protein. For example, the polypeptide can be fused to a hexa-histidine tag to facilitate purification of bacterially expressed polypeptides, or to a hemagglutinin tag to facilitate purification of polypeptides expressed in eukaryotic cells. The invention also includes isolated, for example, polypeptides (and the nucleic acids that encode these polypeptides) that include a first portion and a second portion; the first portion includes, e.g., an AN polypeptide, and the second portion includes an immunoglobulin constant (Fc) region or a detectable marker.

The fusion partner can be, for example, a polypeptide which facilitates secretion, e.g., a secretory sequence. Such a fused polypeptide is typically referred to as a preprotein. The secretory sequence can be cleaved by the host cell to form the mature protein. Also within the invention are nucleic acids that encode AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 fused to a polypeptide sequence to produce an inactive preprotein. Preproteins can be converted into the active form of the protein by removal of the inactivating sequence.

The invention also includes nucleic acids that hybridize, e.g., under stringent hybridization conditions (as defined herein) to all or a portion of the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, NO:4, NO:7, or NO:10, or their complements. The hybridizing portion of the hybridizing nucleic acids is typically at least 15 (e.g., 20, 30, or 50) nucleotides in length. The hybridizing portion of the hybridizing nucleic acid is at least 80%, e.g., at least 95%, or at least 98%, identical to the sequence of a portion or all of a nucleic acid encoding an AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide. Hybridizing nucleic acids of the type described herein can be used as a cloning probe, a primer (e.g., a PCR primer), or a diagnostic probe. Nucleic acids that hybridize to the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO:1, NO:4, NO:7, or NO:10 are considered “antisense oligonucleotides.” Also included within the invention are ribozymes that inhibit the function of AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85, as determined, for example, in a complementation assay.

In another embodiment, the invention features cells, e.g., transformed host cells, that contain a nucleic acid is encompassed by the invention. A “transformed cell” is a cell into which (or into an ancestor of which) has been introduced, by means of recombinant DNA techniques, a nucleic acid encoding an AN polypeptide. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are included, e.g., bacteria, Aspergillus, yeast, and the like.

The invention also features genetic constructs (e.g., vectors and plasmids) that include a nucleic acid of the invention which is operably linked to a transcription and/or translation sequence to enable expression, e.g., expression vectors. By “operably linked” is meant that a selected nucleic acid, e.g., a DNA molecule encoding an AN polypeptide, is positioned adjacent to one or more sequence elements, e.g., a promoter, which directs transcription and/or translation of the sequence such that the sequence elements can control transcription and/or translation of the selected nucleic acid.

The invention also features purified or isolated AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 polypeptides. As used herein, both “protein” and “polypeptide” mean any chain of amino acids, regardless of length or post-translational modification (e.g., glycosylation or phosphorylation). Thus, the terms “AN97 polypeptide” (or AN97), “AN17 polypeptide” (or AN17), “AN80 polypeptide” (or AN80), or “AN85 polypeptide” (or AN85) include full-length, naturally occurring AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 proteins, respectively, as well as recombinantly or synthetically produced polypeptides that correspond to a full-length, naturally occurring AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 protein, or to a portion of a naturally occurring or synthetic AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide.

A “purified” or “isolated” compound is a composition that is at least 60% by weight the compound of interest, e.g., an AN97 polypeptide or antibody. Preferably the preparation is at least 75% (e.g., at least 90% or 99%) by weight the compound of interest. Purity can be measured by any appropriate standard method, e.g., column chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or HPLC analysis.

Preferred AN97, AN17, AN80, AN85 polypeptides include a sequence substantially identical to all or a portion of a naturally occurring AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 polypeptide, e.g., including all or a portion of the sequences shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Polypeptides “substantially identical” to the AN polypeptide sequences described herein have an amino acid sequence that is at least 80% or 85% (e.g., 90%, 95% or 99%) identical to the amino acid sequence of the AN97, AN80, AN85 or AN17 polypeptides of SEQ ID NOs:2 and 29; NO:5; NOs:8, 30, 31, and 32; and NOs:11, 33, 34, and 35, respectively. For purposes of comparison, the length of the reference AN polypeptide sequence will generally be at least 16 amino acids, e.g., at least 20 or 25 amino acids.

In the case of polypeptide sequences that are less than 100% identical to a reference sequence, the non-identical positions are preferably, but not necessarily, conservative substitutions for the reference sequence. Conservative substitutions typically include substitutions within the following groups: glycine and alanine; valine, isoleucine, and leucine; aspartic acid and glutamic acid; asparagine and glutamine; serine and threonine; lysine and arginine; and phenylalanine and tyrosine.

Where a particular polypeptide is said to have a specific percent identity to a reference polypeptide of a defined length, the percent identity is relative to the reference polypeptide. Thus, a polypeptide that is 50% identical to a reference polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long can be a 50 amino acid polypeptide that is completely identical to a 50 amino acid long portion of the reference polypeptide. It also might be a 100 amino acid long polypeptide which is 50% identical to the reference polypeptide over its entire length. Of course, other polypeptides also will meet the same criteria.

The invention also features purified or isolated antibodies that specifically bind to an AN polypeptide. By “specifically binds” is meant that an antibody recognizes and binds a particular antigen, e.g., an AN97, AN17 polypeptide, but does not substantially recognize and bind other molecules in a sample, e.g., a biological sample that naturally includes AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85. In one embodiment the antibody is a monoclonal antibody.

In another aspect, the invention features a method for detecting an AN polypeptide in a sample. This method includes: obtaining a sample suspected of containing AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80; contacting the sample with an antibody that specifically binds an AN97, AN17, AN85 or AN80 polypeptide under conditions that allow the formation of complexes of an antibody and AN97, AN17, AN85 or AN80; and detecting the complexes, if any, as an indication of the presence of AN97, AN17, AN85 or AN80 in the sample.

Also encompassed by the invention is a method of obtaining a gene related to (i.e., a functional homologue of) the AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 gene. Such a method entails obtaining a labeled probe that includes an isolated nucleic acid which encodes all or a portion of AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80, or a homolog thereof (e.g., D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, or L8004.2); screening a nucleic acid fragment library with the labeled probe under conditions that allow hybridization of the probe to nucleic acid fragments in the library, thereby forming nucleic acid duplexes; isolating labeled duplexes, if any; and preparing a full-length gene sequence from the nucleic acid fragments in any labeled duplex to obtain a gene related to the AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 gene.

The invention offers several advantages. By combining gene knockout assays, as described herein, with assays of conditional sensitivity, we have identified genes that are truly essential, i.e., genes whose absence is fungicidal to Aspergillus. In addition, the methods for identifying antifungal agents can be configured for high throughput screening of numerous candidate antifungal agents.

Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, and from the claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described herein. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In the case of a conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A to 1K are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN97 polypeptide and gene from an Aspergillus nidulans strain (SEQ ID NOs:2 and 29 and NO:1, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:3.

FIGS. 2A to 2D are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN80 polypeptide and gene from an Aspergillus nidulans strain (SEQ ID NOs:5 and 4, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:6.

FIGS. 3A to 3D are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN85 polypeptide and gene from an Aspergillus nidulans strain (SEQ ID NOs: 8, 30, 31 and 32; and NO:7, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:9.

FIGS. 4A to 4D are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the AN17 polypeptide and gene from an Aspergillus nidulans strain (SEQ ID NOs:11, 33, 34, and 35; and NO:10, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:12.

FIGS. 5A to 5H are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the D9798.4 polypeptide and gene from S. cerevisiae (SEQ ID NOs:14 and 13, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:15.

FIGS. 6A to 6D are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the YGR010W polypeptide and gene from S. cerevisiae (SEQ ID NOs:17 and 16, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:18.

FIGS. 7A to 7G are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the L8543.16 polypeptide and gene from S. cerevisiae (SEQ ID NOs:20 and 19, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:21.

FIGS. 8A to 8D are a representation of the amino acid and nucleic acid sequences of the L8004.2 polypeptide and gene from S. cerevisiae (SEQ ID NOs:23 and 22, respectively). The non-coding sequence is set forth as SEQ ID NO:24.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Identifying Essential Aspergillus Genes

As shown by the experiments described below, expression of each of the AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 polypeptides is essential for survival of Aspergillus nidulans. Aspergillus nidulans is available from the ATCC (#FGSC4). To identify genes for which inhibition of gene expression is fungicidal, various mutants of Aspergillus nidulans were assayed for conditional sensitivity. In general, mutagenesis of Aspergillus nidulans can be accomplished using any of various art-known methods. For example, exposure to ultraviolet light, x-rays, and/or chemical mutagens is acceptable. Examples of suitable chemical mutagens include ethylmethansulfonate (EMS), metyhlmethanesulfonate (MMS), methylnitrosoguanidine (NTG), 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO), 2-aminopurine, 5-bromouracil, ICR 191 and other acridine derivatives, sodium bisulfite, ethidium bromide, nitrous acid, hydroxylamine, N-methyl-N′-nitroso-N-nitroguanidine, and alkylating agents (for further description of art-known mutagens and mutagenesis methods, see, e.g., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, 1995 and Adelberg et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 18:788, 1965).

To identify conditional-sensitive mutants, mutagenized cells can be grown under (a) a first set of permissive conditions, then shifted to (b) restrictive conditions, and then to (c) a second set of permissive conditions. The cells of interest are those mutants that grow under the permissive conditions of (a), but fail to grow under the restrictive conditions of (b), and fail to recover under the permissive conditions of (c).

Ostensibly, any change in a growth parameter can serve as the “restrictive condition.” For example, the restrictive conditions may be met by increasing or decreasing the temperature at which the cells are grown, thereby allowing the identification of temperature-sensitive mutants. For example, the optimal growth temperature for A. nidulans is 28° C., and a typical restrictive temperature is 42° C. In alternative methods, the change to a restrictive condition may entail changing one or more of the following parameters of the growth conditions: pH, type and/or concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources, trace minerals, vitamins, salts, conidia-forming materials (e.g., DMSO, glycerol, and deuterated water), humidity, and the like. In general, permissive growth conditions allow the strains to grow at a rate that is at least 75% of that of the wild-type growth rate of Aspergillus. The second set of permissive conditions (in (c)) can be the same as, or different from, the first permissive conditions. Typically, the cells are subjected to the second permissive conditions for at least 2 growth cycles (more typically, at least 5, 10, 15 or even 20 growth cycles). Generally, the cells are subjected to the restrictive conditions for 2 to 20 growth cycles (typically 2-10 growth cycles) and for 24 hours or less.

In practicing the invention, cell death (e.g., in (b)) can be detected using any of a number of conventional criteria. For example, cell death can be detected macroscopically by observing that a colony of cells has approximately the same size, or a reduced size, after a length of time that is normally sufficient for several growth cycles under the second permissive conditions. Detection of cell death also can be facilitated by the use of light microscopy and cell staining to reveal cytological deformations and/or morphologies commonly known to be indicative of cell death. The absence of DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis also can signify cell death.

Identification of Homologs of AN Polypeptides

Having shown that the AN97, and AN80, and AN85 genes and polypeptides are essential for survival in Aspergillus, it can be expected that homologs of these polypeptides, when present in other organisms, for example pathogenic yeast, are essential for survival of those organisms as well. Using the sequences of the AN polypeptides identified in Aspergillus, homologs of these polypeptides were identified in the yeast S. cerevisiae. The coding sequences of AN97, AN80, and AN85 were used to search the GenBank database of nucleotide sequences to identify homologs of AN97, AN80, and AN85, respectively, which are essential genes in other organisms. Sequence comparisons were performed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul et al., J. Mol. Biol., 215:403-410 1990). The percent sequence identity shared by the AN polypeptides and their homologs were determined using the GAP program from the Genetics Computer Group (GCG) Wisconsin Sequence Analysis Package (Wisconsin Package Version 9.0, GCG; Madison, Wis.). The following parameters were used: gap creation penalty, 12 (protein) 50 (DNA); gap extension penalty, 4 (protein) 3 (DNA). The percent sequence identity shared by the AN polypeptides and their homologs are summarized in Table 1. Typically, the AN polypeptides and their homologs share at least 25% (e.g., at least 40%) sequence identity. Typically, the DNA sequences encoding AN polypeptides and their homologs share at least 35% (e.g., at least 45%) sequence identity.

TABLE 1 Sequence Identity Shared by AN Polypeptides and Their Homologues. % Identity of DNA Sequences % Identity of AN Homolog in (coding Polypeptide Polypeptide Saccharomyces region) Sequences AN80 L8004.2 37.4 27.9 AN85 YGR010W 50.2 41.0 AN85 L8543.16 49.2 43.7 AN97 D9798.4 38.7 25.8

To confirm that these yeast homologs of the AN polypeptides are essential for survival of yeast, the gene encoding each of the homologs was, separately, deleted from the S. cerevisiae genome. To this end, standard methods for making yeast “knock outs” were used, as described by Baudin et al., Nucl. Acids. Res. 21:3329-3330, 1993. Briefly, a portion of the yeast genome was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that employed two primers. The primers for L8004.2 were 5′ AGGAAAGTAGCTATCGTAACGGGTACTAATAGTAATCTTGGTCTCTT GGCCTCCTCTAG3′ (SEQ ID NO:25) and 5′ TACGCAGAGATATATTAAATGGGGGTTCT AGTTTCAACAATTTCGTTCAGAATGACACG3′ (SEQ ID NO:26). The primers for D9798.4 were 5′ TTAACAGCCGCGCCCATCATGCAAGATCCTGATGGTATTGACATTCTC TTGG CCTCCTCTAG3′ (SEQ ID NO:18) and 5′ GCATATCAATTTTAACAGACCTCGCTGAAAG ACTCTGAATCCTCGTTCAGAATGACACG3′ (SEQ ID NO:28). These primers hybridized to a portion of the 5′ and 3′ sequences flanking the open reading frames of the yeast homologs and include nucleotides that are homologous to the HIS3 selectable marker. Following PCR amplification, the resulting crude mix was directly used to transform yeast, following a standard protocol.

Identification of AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 Genes in Additional Aspergillus Strains

Now that the AN97, AN80, AN17, and AN85 genes and their yeast homologs, L8004.2, YGR010W, L8543.16, and D9798.4, have been identified as essential for survival (as described below under “Examples”), these genes, or fragments thereof, can be used to detect homologous essential genes in other organisms. In particular, these genes can be used to analyze various pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Aspergillus (e.g., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger) and yeast (e.g., Candida albicans). In particular, fragments of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) encoding an AN polypeptide or yeast homolog (or sequences complementary thereto) can be used as probes in conventional nucleic acid hybridization assays of pathogenic organisms (e.g., pathogenic Aspergillus strains). For example, nucleic acid probes (which typically are 8-30, or usually 15-20, nucleotides in length) can be used to detect the AN97, AN17, AN80, AN85 genes or homologs thereof in art-known molecular biology methods, such as Southern blotting, Northern blotting, dot or slot blotting, PCR amplification methods, colony hybridization methods, and the like. Typically, an oligonucleotide probe based on the nucleic acid sequences described herein, or fragments thereof, is labeled and used to screen a genomic library or a cDNA library constructed from mRNA obtained from an Aspergillus or yeast strain of interest. A suitable method of labeling involves using polynucleotide kinase to add ³²P-labeled ATP to the oligonucleotide used as the probe. This method is well known in the art, as are several other suitable methods (e.g., biotinylation and enzyme labeling).

Hybridization of the oligonucleotide probe to the cDNA library, or other nucleic acid sample, typically is performed under moderate to high stringency conditions. Nucleic acid duplex or hybrid stability is expressed as the melting temperature or T_(m), which is the temperature at which a probe dissociates from a target DNA. This melting temperature is used to define the required stringency conditions. If sequences are to be identified that are related and substantially identical to the probe, rather than identical, then it is useful to first establish the lowest temperature at which only homologous hybridization occurs with a particular concentration of salt (e.g., SSC or SSPE). Then, assuming that 1% mismatching results in a 1° C. decrease in the T_(m), the temperature of the final wash in the hybridization reaction is reduced accordingly (for example, if sequences having ≧95% identity with the probe are sought, the final wash temperature is decreased by 5° C.). In practice, the change in T_(m) can be between 0.5° and 1.5° C. per 1% mismatch.

As used herein, high stringency conditions include, for example, hybridizing at 68° C. in 5×SSC/5×Denhardt's solution/1.0% SDS, or in 0.5 M NaHPO₄ (pH 7.2)/1 mM EDTA/7% SDS, or in 50% formamide/0.25 M NaHPO₄ (pH 7.2)/0.25 M NaCl/1 mM EDTA/7% SDS; and washing in 0.2×SSC/0.1% SDS at room temperature or at 42° C., or in 0.1×SSC/0.1% SDS at 68° C., or in 40 mM NaHPO₄ (pH 7.2)/1 mM EDTA/5% SDS at 50° C., or in 40 mM NaHPO₄ (pH 7.2) 1 mM EDTA/1% SDS at 50° C. Moderately stringent conditions include washing in 3×SSC at 42° C. The parameters of salt concentration and temperature can be varied to achieve the optimal level of identity between the probe and the target nucleic acid. Additional guidance regarding such conditions is readily available in the art, for example, by Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press, N.Y.; and Ausubel et al. (eds.), 1995, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, (John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.) at Unit 2.10.

In one approach, cDNA libraries constructed from pathogenic or non-pathogenic Aspergillus or yeast strains can be screened. For example, such strains can be screened for AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 expression by Northern blot analysis. Upon detection of AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 transcripts or transcripts of homologs thereof, cDNA libraries can be constructed from RNA isolated from the appropriate strain, utilizing standard techniques well known to those of skill in the art. Alternatively, a total genomic DNA library can be screened using an AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 probe (or a probe directed to a homolog thereof).

New gene sequences can be isolated, for example, by performing PCR using two degenerate oligonucleotide primer pools designed on the basis of nucleotide sequences within the AN97, AN17, AN85 or AN80 genes, or their homologs, as depicted herein. The template for the reaction can be cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA prepared from strains known or suspected to express an AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 allele or an allele of a homolog thereof. The PCR product can be subcloned and sequenced to ensure that the amplified sequences represent the sequences of a new AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 nucleic acid sequence, or a sequence of a homolog thereof.

The PCR fragment can then be used to isolate a full length cDNA clone by a variety of known methods. For example, the amplified fragment can be labeled and used to screen a bacteriophage cDNA library. Alternatively, the labeled fragment can be used to screen a genomic library.

PCR technology also can be used to isolate full length cDNA sequences. For example, RNA can be isolated, following standard procedures, from an appropriate cellular or tissue source. A reverse transcription reaction can be performed on the RNA using an oligonucleotide primer specific for the most 5′ end of the amplified fragment for the priming of first strand synthesis. The resulting RNA/DNA hybrid can then be “tailed” (e.g., with guanines) using a standard terminal transferase reaction, the hybrid can be digested with RNase H, and second strand synthesis can then be primed (e.g., with a poly-C primer). Thus, cDNA sequences upstream of the amplified fragment can easily be isolated. For a review of useful cloning strategies, see e.g., Sambrook et al., supra; and Ausubel et al., supra.

Now that the AN97, AN17, AN85, and AN80 genes and their homologs have been cloned, synthesis of the AN polypeptides or their homologs (or an antigenic fragment thereof) for use as antigens, or for other purposes, can readily be accomplished using any of the various art-known techniques. For example, an AN polypeptide or homolog, or an antigenic fragment(s), can be synthesized chemically in vitro, or enzymatically (e.g., by in vitro transcription and translation). Alternatively, the gene can be expressed in, and the polypeptide purified from, a cell (e.g., a cultured cell) by using any of the numerous, available gene expression systems. For example, the polypeptide antigen can be produced in a prokaryotic host (e.g., E. coil or B. subtilis) or in eukaryotic cells, such as yeast cells or insect cells (e.g., by using a baculovirus-based expression vector).

Proteins and polypeptides can also be produced in plant cells, if desired. For plant cells viral expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus) and plasmid expression vectors (e.g., Ti plasmid) are suitable. Such cells are available from a wide range of sources (e.g., the American Type Culture Collection, Rockland, Md.; also, see, e.g., Ausubel et al., Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994). The optimal methods of transformation or transfection and the choice of expression vehicle will depend on the host system selected. Transformation and transfection methods are described, e.g., in Ausubel et al., supra; expression vehicles may be chosen from those provided, e.g., in Cloning Vectors: A Laboratory Manual (P. H. Pouwels et al., 1985, Supp. 1987). The host cells harboring the expression vehicle can be cultured in conventional nutrient media, adapted as needed for activation of a chosen gene, repression of a chosen gene, selection of transformants, or amplification of a chosen gene.

If desired, AN polypeptides or their homologs can be produced as fusion proteins. For example, the expression vector pUR278 (Ruther et al., EMBO J., 2:1791, 1983) can be used to create lacZ fusion proteins. The art-known pGEX vectors can be used to express foreign polypeptides as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST). In general, such fusion proteins are soluble and can be easily purified from lysed cells by adsorption to glutathione-agarose beads followed by elution in the presence of free glutathione. The pGEX vectors are designed to include thrombin or factor Xa protease cleavage sites so that the cloned target gene product can be released from the GST moiety.

In an exemplary insect cell expression system, a baculovirus such as Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), which grows in Spodoptera frugiperda cells, can be used as a vector to express foreign genes. A coding sequence encoding an AN polypeptide or homolog can be cloned into a non-essential region (for example the polyhedrin gene) of the viral genome and placed under control of a promoter, e.g., the polyhedrin promoter or an exogenous promoter. Successful insertion of a gene encoding an AN polypeptide or homolog can result in inactivation of the polyhedrin gene and production of non-occluded recombinant virus (i.e., virus lacking the proteinaceous coat encoded by the polyhedrin gene). These recombinant viruses are then used to infect insect cells (e.g., Spodoptera frugiperda cells) in which the inserted gene is expressed (see, e.g., Smith et al., J. Virol., 46:584, 1983; Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,051).

In mammalian host cells, a number of viral-based expression systems can be utilized. When an adenovirus is used as an expression vector, the nucleic acid sequence encoding the AN polypeptide or homolog can be ligated to an adenovirus transcription/translation control complex, e.g., the late promoter and tripartite leader sequence. This chimeric gene can then be inserted into the adenovirus genome by in vitro or in vivo recombination. Insertion into a non-essential region of the viral genome (e.g., region E1 or E3) will result in a recombinant virus that is viable and capable of expressing an AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 gene product in infected hosts (see, e.g., Logan, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:3655, 1984).

Specific initiation signals may be required for efficient translation of inserted nucleic acid sequences. These signals include the ATG initiation codon and adjacent sequences. In cases where an entire native gene (e.g., AN97) or cDNA, including its own initiation codon and adjacent sequences, is inserted into the appropriate expression vector, no additional translational control signals may be needed. In other cases, exogenous translational control signals, including, perhaps, the ATG initiation codon, should be provided. Furthermore, the initiation codon must be in phase with the reading frame of the desired coding sequence to ensure translation of the entire sequence. These exogenous translational control signals and initiation codons can be of a variety of origins, both natural and synthetic. The efficiency of expression may be enhanced by the inclusion of appropriate transcription enhancer elements, or transcription terminators (Bittner et al., Methods in Enzymol., 153:516, 1987).

The AN polypeptides and homologs can be expressed individually or as fusions with a heterologous polypeptide, such as a signal sequence or other polypeptide having a specific cleavage site at the N-and/or C-terminus of the protein or polypeptide. The heterologous signal sequence selected should be one that is recognized and processed, i.e., cleaved by a signal peptidase, by the host cell in which the fusion protein is expressed.

A host cell can be chosen that modulates the expression of the inserted sequences, or modifies and processes the gene product in a specific, desired fashion. Such modifications (e.g., glycosylation) and processing (e.g., cleavage) of protein products may facilitate optimal functioning of the protein. Various host cells have characteristic and specific mechanisms for post-translational processing and modification of proteins and gene products. Appropriate cell lines or host systems familiar to those of skill in the art of molecular biology can be chosen to ensure the correct modification and processing of the foreign protein expressed. To this end, eukaryotic host cells that possess the cellular machinery for proper processing of the primary transcript, glycosylation, and phosphorylation of the gene product can be used. Such mammalian host cells include, but are not limited to, CHO, VERO, BHK, HeLa, COS, MDCK, 293, 3T3, WI38, and choroid plexus cell lines.

If desired, the AN polypeptide or homolog thereof can be produced by a stably-transfected mammalian cell line. A number of vectors suitable for stable transection of mammalian cells are available to the public, see, e.g., Pouwels et al. (supra); methods for constructing such cell lines are also publicly known, e.g., in Ausubel et al. (supra). In one example, cDNA encoding the protein is cloned into an expression vector that includes the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. Integration of the plasmid and, therefore, the AN polypeptide-encoding gene into the host cell chromosome is selected for by including 0.01-300 μM methotrexate in the cell culture medium (as described in Ausubel et al., supra). This dominant selection can be accomplished in most cell types.

Recombinant protein expression can be increased by DHFR-mediated amplification of the transfected gene. Methods for selecting cell lines bearing gene amplifications are described in Ausubel et al. (supra); such methods generally involve extended culture in medium containing gradually increasing levels of methotrexate. DHFR-containing expression vectors commonly used for this purpose include PCVSEII-DHFR and pAdD26SV(A) (described in Ausubel et al., supra).

A number of other selection systems can be used, including but not limited to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase, and adenine phosphoribosyl-transferase genes can be employed in tk, hgprt, or aprt cells, respectively. In addition, gpt, which confers resistance to mycophenolic acid (Mulligan et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78:2072, 1981); neo, which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside G-418 (Colberre-Garapin et al., J. Mol. Biol., 150:1, 1981); and hygro, which confers resistance to hygromycin (Santerre et al., Gene, 30:147, 1981), can be used.

Alternatively, any fusion protein can be readily purified by utilizing an antibody or other molecule that specifically binds the fusion protein being expressed. For example, a system described in Janknecht et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:8972 (1981), allows for the ready purification of non-denatured fusion proteins expressed in human cell lines. In this system, the gene of interest is subcloned into a vaccinia recombination plasmid such that the gene's open reading frame is translationally fused to an amino-terminal tag consisting of six histidine residues. Extracts from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus are loaded onto Ni²⁺ nitriloacetic acid-agarose columns, and histidine-tagged proteins are selectively eluted with imidazole-containing buffers.

Alternatively, an AN polypeptide or homolog, or a portion thereof, can be fused to an immunoglobulin Fc domain. Such a fusion protein can be readily purified using a protein A column, for example. Moreover, such fusion proteins permit the production of a chimeric form of an AN polypeptide or homolog having increased stability in vivo.

Once the recombinant AN polypeptide (or homolog) is expressed, it can be isolated (i.e., purified). Secreted forms of the polypeptides can be isolated from cell culture media, while non-secreted forms must be isolated from the host cells. Polypeptides can be isolated by affinity chromatography. For example, an anti-AN97 antibody (e.g., produced as described herein) can be attached to a column and used to isolate the protein. Lysis and fractionation of cells harboring the protein prior to affinity chromatography can be performed by standard methods (see, e.g., Ausubel et al., supra). Alternatively, a fusion protein can be constructed and used to isolate an AN polypeptide (e.g., an AN97-maltose binding fusion protein, an AN97-β-galactosidase fusion protein, or an AN97-trpE fusion protein; see, e.g., Ausubel et al., supra; New England Biolabs Catalog, Beverly, Mass.). The recombinant protein can, if desired, be further purified, e.g., by high performance liquid chromatography using standard techniques (see, e.g., Fisher, Laboratory Techniques In Biochemistry And Molecular Biology, eds., Work and Burdon, Elsevier, 1980).

Given the amino acid sequences described herein, polypeptides useful in practicing the invention, particularly fragments of AN97, AN17, AN85, AN80 from pathogenic Aspergillus strains, and fragments of D9798.4, L8004.2, L8543.16, and YGR010W from yeast, can be produced by standard chemical synthesis (e.g., by the methods described in Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, 2nd ed., The Pierce Chemical Co., Rockford, Ill., 1984) and used as antigens, for example.

Antibodies

AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 polypeptides (or antigenic fragments or analogs of such polypeptide) can be used to raise antibodies useful in the invention, and such polypeptides can be produced by recombinant or peptide synthetic techniques (see, e.g., Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis, supra; Ausubel et al., supra). Likewise, antibodies can be raised against the yeast homologs. In general, the polypeptides can be coupled to a carrier protein, such as KLH, as described in Ausubel et al., supra, mixed with an adjuvant, and injected into a host mammal. Antibodies can be purified, for example, by affinity chromatography methods in which the polypeptide antigen is immobilized on a resin.

In particular, various host animals can be immunized by injection of a polypeptide of interest. Examples of suitable host animals include rabbits, mice, guinea pigs, and rats. Various adjuvants can be used to increase the immunological response, depending on the host species, including but not limited to Freund's (complete and incomplete), adjuvant mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, dinitrophenol, BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) and Corynebacterium parvum. Polyclonal antibodies are heterogeneous populations of antibody molecules derived from the sera of the immunized animals.

Antibodies within the invention include monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, humanized or chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, Fab fragments, F(ab′)₂ fragments, and molecules produced using a Fab expression library.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are homogeneous populations of antibodies to a particular antigen, can be prepared using the AN polypeptides or homologs thereof and standard hybridoma technology (see, e.g., Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495, 1975; Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 6:511, 1976; Kohler et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 6:292, 1976; Hammerling et al., In Monoclonal Antibodies and T Cell Hybridomas, Elsevier, N.Y., 1981; Ausubel et al., supra).

In particular, monoclonal antibodies can be obtained by any technique that provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture, such as those described in Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495, 1975, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,376,110; the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kosbor et al., Immunology Today, 4:72, 1983; Cole et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 80:2026, 1983); and the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96, 1983). Such antibodies can be of any immunoglobulin class including IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD, and any subclass thereof. The hybridomas producing the mAbs of this invention can be cultivated in vitro or in vivo.

Once produced, polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies are tested for specific recognition of an AN polypeptide or homolog thereof in an immunoassay, such as a Western blot or immunoprecipitation analysis using standard techniques, e.g., as described in Ausubel et al., supra. Antibodies that specifically bind to AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80, or conservative variants and homologs thereof, are useful in the invention. For example, such antibodies can be used in an immunoassay to detect AN97 in pathogenic or non-pathogenic strains of Aspergillus (e.g., in Aspergillus extracts).

Preferably, antibodies of the invention are produced using fragments of the AN polypeptides that appear likely to be antigenic, by criteria such as high frequency of charged residues. In one specific example, such fragments are generated by standard techniques of PCR, and are then cloned into the pGEX expression vector (Ausubel et al., supra). Fusion proteins are expressed in E. coli and purified using a glutathione agarose affinity matrix as described in Ausubel, et al., supra.

If desired, several (e.g., two or three) fusions can be generated for each protein, and each fusion can be injected into at least two rabbits. Antisera can be raised by injections in a series, typically including at least three booster injections. Typically, the antisera is checked for its ability to immunoprecipitate a recombinant AN polypeptide or homolog, or unrelated control proteins, such as glucocorticoid receptor, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, or luciferase.

Techniques developed for the production of “chimeric antibodies” (Morrison et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 81:6851, 1984; Neuberger et al., Nature, 312:604, 1984; Takeda et al., Nature, 314:452, 1984) can be used to splice the genes from a mouse antibody molecule of appropriate antigen specificity together with genes from a human antibody molecule of appropriate biological activity. A chimeric antibody is a molecule in which different portions are derived from different animal species, such as those having a variable region derived from a murine mAb and a human immunoglobulin constant region.

Alternatively, techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,946,778 and 4,704,692) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies against an AN polypeptide or homolog. Single chain antibodies are formed by linking the heavy and light chain fragments of the Fv region via an amino acid bridge, resulting in a single chain polypeptide.

Antibody fragments that recognize and bind to specific epitopes can be generated by known techniques. For example, such fragments can include but are not limited to F(ab′)₂ fragments, which can be produced by pepsin digestion of the antibody molecule, and Fab fragments, which can be generated by reducing the disulfide bridges of F(ab′)₂ fragments. Alternatively, Fab expression libraries can be constructed (Huse et al., Science, 246:1275, 1989) to allow rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments with the desired specificity.

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind AN polypeptides or homologs can be used, for example, to detect expression of an AN97, AN17, AN85, AN80 gene or homolog in another strain of Aspergillus. For example, AN97 polypeptide can be readily detected in conventional immunoassays of Aspergillus cells or extracts. Examples of suitable assays include, without limitation, Western blotting, ELISAs, radioimmune assays, and the like.

Assay for Antifungal Agents

The invention provides a method for identifying an antifungal agent(s). Although the inventors are not bound by any particular theory as to the biological mechanism involved, the new antifungal agents are thought to inhibit specifically the function of the AN polypeptides or expression of the AN97, AN17, AN85, or AN80 genes, or homologs thereof. Screening for antifungal agents can be rapidly accomplished by identifying those compounds (e.g., polypeptides, ribonucleic acids (including ribozymes), nucleic acids (including antisense nucleic acids), or small molecules) that specifically bind to an AN polypeptide. A homolog of an AN polypeptide (e.g., D9798.4, L8004.2, L8543.16, or YGR010W) can be substituted for the AN polypeptide in the methods summarized herein. Specific binding of a test compound to an AN polypeptide can be detected, for example, in vitro by reversibly or irreversibly immobilizing the test compound(s) on a substrate, e.g., the surface of a well of a 96-well polystyrene microtitre plate. Methods for immobilizing polypeptides and other small molecules are well known in the art. For example, the microtitre plates can be coated with an AN polypeptide (or a combination of AN polypeptides and/or homologs) by adding the polypeptide(s) in a solution (typically, at a concentration of 0.05 to 1 mg/ml in a volume of 1-100 μl) to each well, and incubating the plates at room temperature to 37° C. for 0.1 to 36 hours. Polypeptides that are not bound to the plate can be removed by shaking the excess solution from the plate, and then washing the plate (once or repeatedly) with water or a buffer. Typically, the AN polypeptide or homolog is contained in water or a buffer. The plate is then washed with a buffer that lacks the bound polypeptide. To block the free protein-binding sites on the plates, the plates are blocked with a protein that is unrelated to the bound polypeptide. For example, 300 μl of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 2 mg/ml in Tris-HCl is suitable. Suitable substrates include those substrates that contain a defined cross-linking chemistry (e.g., plastic substrates, such as polystyrene, styrene, or polypropylene substrates from Corning Costar Corp. (Cambridge, Mass.), for example). If desired, a beaded particle, e.g., beaded agarose or beaded sepharose, can be used as the substrate.

Binding of the test compound to the new AN polypeptides (or homologs thereof) can be detected by any of a variety of art-known methods. For example, an antibody that specifically binds an AN polypeptide can be used in an immunoassay. If desired, the antibody can be labeled (e.g., fluorescently or with a radioisotope) and detected directly (see, e.g., West and McMahon, J. Cell Biol. 74:264, 1977). Alternatively, a second antibody can be used for detection (e.g., a labeled antibody that binds the Fc portion of an anti-AN97 antibody). In an alternative detection method, the AN polypeptide is labeled, and the label is detected (e.g., by labeling an AN polypeptide with a radioisotope, fluorophore, chromophore, or the like). In still another method, the AN polypeptide is produced as a fusion protein with a protein that can be detected optically, e.g., green fluorescent protein (which can be detected under UV light). In an alternative method, the AN polypeptide can be produced as a fusion protein with an enzyme having a detectable enzymatic activity, such as horse radish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, α-galactosidase, or glucose oxidase. Genes encoding all of these enzymes have been cloned and are readily available for use by those of skill in the art. If desired, the fusion protein can include an antigen, and such an antigen can be detected and measured with a polyclonal or monoclonal antibody using conventional methods. Suitable antigens include enzymes (e.g., horse radish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and α-galactosidase) and non-enzymatic polypeptides (e.g., serum proteins, such as BSA and globulins, and milk proteins, such as caseins).

In various in vivo methods for identifying polypeptides that bind AN polypeptides, the conventional two-hybrid assays of protein/protein interactions can be used (see e.g., Chien et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:9578, 1991; Fields et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,173; Fields and Song, Nature, 340:245, 1989; Le Douarin et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 23:876, 1995; Vidal et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93:10315-10320, 1996; and White, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93:10001-10003, 1996). Kits for practicing various two-hybrid methods are commercially available (e.g., from Clontech; Palo Alto, Calif.).

Generally, the two-hybrid methods involve in vivo reconstitution of two separable domains of a transcription factor. The DNA binding domain (DB) of the transcription factor is required for recognition of a chosen promoter. The activation domain (AD) is required for contacting other components of the host cell's transcriptional machinery. The transcription factor is reconstituted through the use of hybrid proteins. One hybrid is composed of the AD and a first protein of interest. The second hybrid is composed of the DB and a second protein of interest. In cases where the first and second proteins of interest interact with each other, the AD and DB are brought into close physical proximity, thereby reconstituting the transcription factor. Association of the proteins can be measured by assaying the ability of the reconstituted transcription factor to activate transcription of a reporter gene.

Useful reporter genes are those that are operably linked to a promoter which is specifically recognized by the DB. Typically, the two-hybrid system employs the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and reporter genes, the expression of which can be selected under appropriate conditions. Other eukaryotic cells, including mammalian and insect cells, can be used, if desired. The two-hybrid system provides a convenient method for cloning a gene encoding a polypeptide (i.e., a candidate antifungal agent) that binds a second, preselected polypeptide (e.g., AN97). Typically, though not necessarily, a cDNA library is constructed such that randomly generated sequences are fused to the AD, and the protein of interest (e.g., AN97 or AN80) is fused to the DB.

In such two-hybrid methods, two fusion proteins are produced. One fusion protein contains the AN polypeptide (or homolog thereof) fused to either a transactivator domain or DNA binding domain of a transcription factor (e.g., of Gal4). The other fusion protein contains a test polypeptide fused to either the DNA binding domain or a transactivator domain of a transcription factor. Once brought together in a single cell (e.g., a yeast cell or mammalian cell), one of the fusion proteins contains the transactivator domain and the other fusion protein contains the DNA binding domain. Therefore, binding of the AN polypeptide to the test polypeptide (i.e., candidate antifungal agent) reconstitutes the transcription factor. Reconstitution of the transcription factor can be detected by detecting expression of a gene (i.e., a reporter gene) that is operably linked to a DNA sequence that is bound by the DNA binding domain of the transcription factor.

The methods described above can be used for high throughput screening of numerous test compounds to identify candidate antifungal (or anti-yeast) agents. Having identified a test compound as a candidate antifungal agent, the candidate antifungal agent can be further tested for inhibition of fungal growth in vitro or in vivo (e.g., using an animal, e.g., rodent, model system) if desired. Using other, art-known variations of such methods, one can test the ability of a nucleic acid (e.g., DNA or RNA) used as the test compound to bind an AN polypeptide or homolog thereof.

In vitro, further testing can be accomplished by means known to those in the art such as an enzyme inhibition assay or a whole-cell fungal growth inhibition assay. For example, an agar dilution assay identifies a substance that inhibits fungal growth. Microtiter plates are prepared with serial dilutions of the test compound; adding to the preparation a given amount of growth substrate; and providing a preparation of Aspergillus spores. Inhibition of growth is determined, for example, by observing changes in optical densities of the fungal cultures.

Inhibition of fungal growth is demonstrated, for example, by comparing (in the presence and absence of a test compound) the rate of growth or the absolute growth of fungal sporulation or nuclei. Inhibition includes a reduction of one of the above measurements by at least 20% (e.g., at least 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75%, 80%, or 90%).

Rodent (e.g., murine) and bovine animal models of aspergillosis are known to those of skill in the art, and such animal model systems are accepted for screening antifungal agents as an indication of their therapeutic efficacy in human patients (Rhodes et al., J. Med. and Vet. Myco., 30:51-57, 1992). Indeed, the clinical manifestations of bovine aspergillosis show many pathological similarities to aspergillosis in humans and rodents. In a typical in vivo assay, an animal is infected with a pathogenic Aspergillus strain, e.g., by inhalation of Aspergillus spores (i.e., conidia), and conventional methods and criteria are used to diagnose the mammal as being afflicted with aspergillosis. The candidate antifungal agent then is administered to the mammal at a dosage of 1-100 mg/kg of body weight, and the mammal is monitored for signs of amelioration of disease. Alternatively, the test compound can be administered to the mammal prior to infecting the mammal with Aspergillus, and the ability of the treated mammal to resist infection is measured. Of course, the results obtained in the presence of the test compound are compared with results in control animals, which are not treated with the test compound. Administration of candidate antifungal agent to the mammal can be carried out as described below, for example.

Antisense Methods

Antisense approaches involve the design of oligonucleotides (either DNA or RNA) that are complementary to AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 mRNA. The antisense oligonucleotides bind to the AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 coding sequences and/or mRNA transcripts and inhibit transcription and/or translation. Absolute complementarity is not required. A sequence “complementary” to a portion of an RNA, as referred to herein, means a sequence having sufficient complementarity to be able to hybridize with the RNA and form a stable duplex; in the case of double-stranded antisense nucleic acids, a single strand of the duplex DNA can be tested, or triplex formation can be assayed. The ability to hybridize will depend on both the degree of complementarity and the length of the antisense nucleic acid. Generally, the longer the hybridizing nucleic acid, the more base mismatches with an RNA it may contain and still form a stable duplex (or triplex, as the case may be). One skilled in the art can ascertain a tolerable degree of mismatch by use of standard procedures to determine the melting point of the hybridized complex.

Oligonucleotides that are complementary to the 5′ end of the message, e.g., the 5′ untranslated sequence up to and including the AUG initiation codon, should work most efficiently at inhibiting translation. However, sequences complementary to the 3′ untranslated sequences of mRNAs have been shown to be effective at inhibiting translation of mRNAs as well (Wagner, Nature, 372:333, 1984). Thus, oligonucleotides complementary to either the 5′-or 3′- non-translated, non-coding regions of the AN97, AN17, AN80, or AN85 genes, or their yeast homologs D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, of L8004.2, as represented by SEQ ID NOs:1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 can be used in an antisense approach to inhibit translation of the endogenous sequences. Oligonucleotides complementary to the 5′ untranslated region of the mRNA typically also include the complement of the AUG start codon.

Antisense oligonucleotides complementary to mRNA coding regions are less preferred inhibitors of translation, but can be used in accordance with the invention. Whether designed to hybridize to the 5′-, 3′-, or coding region of the mRNA, antisense nucleic acids should be at least six nucleotides in length (e.g., oligonucleotides ranging from 6 to about 50 nucleotides in length). In specific aspects, the oligonucleotide is at least 10 nucleotides, at least 15 nucleotides, or at least 25 nucleotides.

Regardless of the choice of target sequence, in vitro studies typically are first performed to quantitate the ability of the antisense oligonucleotide to inhibit gene expression. Typically, these studies utilize controls that distinguish between antisense gene inhibition and nonspecific biological effects of oligonucleotides. Generally, these studies compare levels of the target RNA or protein with that of an internal control RNA or protein. Additionally, it is envisioned that results obtained using the antisense oligonucleotide are compared with those obtained using a control oligonucleotide. Typically, the control oligonucleotide is of approximately the same length as the test oligonucleotide and that the nucleotide sequence of the oligonucleotide differs from the antisense sequence no more than is necessary to prevent specific hybridization to the target sequence.

The antisense oligonucleotides can be DNA or RNA, or chimeric mixtures, or derivatives or modified versions thereof, and can be single-stranded or double-stranded. The oligonucleotides can be modified at the base moiety, sugar moiety, or phosphate backbone, for example, to improve stability of the molecule, hybridization, etc. The oligonucleotide may include other appended groups such as peptides (e.g., for targeting host cell receptors in vivo), or agents facilitating transport across the cell membrane (as described, e.g., in Letsinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86:6553, 1989; Lemaitre et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84:648, 1987; PCT Publication No. WO 88/09810) or the blood-brain barrier (see, e.g., PCT Publication No. WO 89/10134), or hybridization-triggered cleavage agents (see, e.g., Krol et al., BioTechniques, 6:958, 1988), or intercalating agents (see, e.g., Zon, Pharm. Res., 5:539, 1988). To this end, the oligonucleotide can be conjugated to another molecule, e.g., a peptide, hybridization triggered cross-linking agent, transport agent, or hybridization-triggered cleavage agent.

The antisense oligonucleotide can include at least one modified base moiety selected from the group including, but not limited to, 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xantine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5-(carboxyhydroxylmethyl) uracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethyl-aminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5′-methoxycarboxymethyluracil, 5-methoxyuracil, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), wybutoxosine, pseudouracil, queosine, 2-thiocytosine, 5-methyl-2-theouracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 5-methyluracil, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid methylester, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-(3-amino-3-N-2-carboxypropyl) uracil, (acp3)w, and 2,6-diaminopurine.

The antisense oligonucleotide can also include at least one modified sugar moiety selected from the group including, but not limited to, arabinose, 2-fluoroarabinose, xylulose, and hexose.

In yet another embodiment, the antisense oligonucleotide includes at least one modified phosphate backbone, e.g., a phosphorothioate, a phosphorodithioate, a phosphoramidothioate, a phosphoramidate, a phosphorodiamidate, a methylphosphonate, an alkyl phosphotriester, and a formacetal, or an analog of any of these backbones.

In addition, the antisense oligonucleotide can be an α-anomeric oligonucleotide that forms specific double-stranded hybrids with complementary RNA in which, contrary to the usual β-units, the strands run parallel to each other (Gautier et al., Nucl. Acids. Res., 15:6625, 1987). The oligonucleotide can be a 2′-0-methylribonucleotide (Inoue et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 15:6131, 1987), or a chimeric RNA-DNA analog (Inoue et al., FEBS Lett., 215:327, 1987).

Antisense oligonucleotides of the invention can be synthesized by standard methods known in the art, e.g., by use of an automated DNA synthesizer (such as are commercially available from Biosearch, Applied Biosystems, etc.). As examples, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides can be synthesized by the method of Stein et al., Nucl. Acids Res., 16:3209, 1988, and methylphosphonate oligonucleotides can be prepared by use of controlled pore glass polymer supports (Sarin et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:7448, 1988).

While antisense nucleotides complementary to the AN97, AN17, AN80, AN85, D9798.4, L8543.16, YGR010W, or L8004.2 coding region sequence could be used, those complementary to the transcribed untranslated region are preferred. Generally, such antisense oligonucleotides are 10-100 nucleotides in length (e.g., 15-50 nucleotides). Pathogenic microorganisms, such as Aspergillus, can spontaneously phagocytose oligonucleotides. Accordingly, these antisense oligonucleotides can be administered systemically or locally to a patient suffering from a pathogen infection in order to deliver the antisense oligonucleotides to the infectious organism in a method of treatment. For example, such antisense oligonucleotides can be used to inhibit expression of an AN polypeptide and thereby treat or inhibit fungal infections. A suitable approach uses a recombinant DNA construct in which the antisense oligonucleotide is placed under the control of a strong pol III or pol II promoter. The use of such a construct to transfect fungal cells in the patient will result in the transcription of sufficient amounts of single stranded nucleic acids that form complementary base pairs with the endogenous transcripts encoding AN polypeptides and thereby prevent translation of the mRNA. For example, a vector can be introduced in vivo such that it is taken up by a cell and directs the transcription of an antisense RNA. Such a vector can remain episomal or become chromosomally integrated, as long as it can be transcribed to produce the desired antisense RNA.

Appropriate vectors can be constructed by recombinant DNA technology methods standard in the art. Vectors can be plasmid, viral, or others known in the art, used for replication and expression in fungal cells. Expression of the sequence encoding the antisense RNA can be by any promoter known in the art to act in fungi, e.g. Aspergillus, cells. Such promoters can be inducible or constitutive, such as an alcohol dehydrogenase promoter (e.g., alcA) and a nitrate reductase promoter (e.g., niiA). Any type of plasmid, cosmid, or viral vector can be used to prepare the recombinant DNA construct which can be administered systemically or directly to the infected tissue.

Ribozymes

Ribozyme molecules designed to catalytically cleave mRNA transcripts encoding AN polypeptides also can be used to prevent translation of mRNA and expression of the AN polypeptides (see, e.g., PCT Publication WO 90/11364; Saraver et al., Science, 247:1222, 1990). Various ribozymes that cleave mRNA at site-specific recognition sequences can be used to destroy mRNAs encoding the AN polypeptides (e.g., the use of hammerhead ribozymes). Hammerhead ribozymes cleave mRNAs at locations dictated by flanking regions that form complementary base pairs with the target mRNA. It is recommended that the target mRNA have the following sequence of two bases: 5′-UG-3′. The construction and production of hammerhead ribozymes is known in the art (Haseloff et al., Nature, 334:585, 1988). There are numerous examples of potential hammerhead ribozyme cleavage sites within the nucleotide sequence of cDNAs encoding AN polypeptides (FIGS. 1 to 3). Typically, the ribozyme is engineered so that the cleavage recognition site is located near the 5′ end of the mRNA encoding the AN polypeptide in order to increase efficiency and minimize the intracellular accumulation of non-functional mRNA transcripts.

The ribozymes of the present invention also include RNA endoribonucleases (hereinafter “Cech-type ribozymes”), such as the one that occurs naturally in Tetrahymena Thermophila (known as the IVS or L-19 IVS RNA), and which has been extensively described by Cech and his collaborators (Zaug et al., Science, 224:574, 1984; Zaug et al., Science, 231:470, 1986; Zug et al., Nature, 324:429, 1986; PCT Application No. WO 88/04300; and Been et al., Cell, 47:207, 1986). The Cech-type ribozymes have an eight base-pair sequence that hybridizes to a target RNA sequence, whereafter cleavage of the target RNA takes place. The invention encompasses those Cech-type ribozymes that target eight base-pair active site sequences present in AN polypeptides.

As in the antisense approach, the ribozymes can be composed of modified oligonucleotides (e.g., for improved stability, targeting, etc.), and should be delivered to cells that express the AN polypeptide. A typical method of delivery involves using a DNA construct “encoding” the ribozyme under the control of a strong constitutive promoter, e.g., a pol III or pol II promoter, so that transfected cells will produce sufficient quantities of the ribozyme to destroy endogenous mRNAs encoding AN polypeptides and inhibit translation thereof. Because ribozymes, unlike typical antisense molecules, are catalytic, a lower intracellular concentration is required for efficiency.

Pharmaceutical Formulations

Treatment includes administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of a composition containing an antifungal agent to a subject in need of such treatment, thereby inhibiting fungal growth in the subject. Such a composition typically contains from about 0.1 to 90% by weight (such as 1 to 20% or 1 to 10%) of an antifungal agent of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Solid formulations of the compositions for oral administration may contain suitable carriers or excipients, such as corn starch, gelatin, lactose, acacia, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, sodium chloride, or alginic acid. Disintegrators that can be used include, without limitation, micro-crystalline cellulose, corn starch, sodium starch glycolate and alginic acid. Tablet binders that may be used include acacia, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (Povidone), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sucrose, starch, and ethylcellulose. Lubricants that may be used include magnesium stearates, stearic acid, silicone fluid, talc, waxes, oils, and colloidal silica.

Liquid formulations of the compositions for oral administration prepared in water or other aqueous vehicles may contain various suspending agents such as methylcellulose, alginates, tragacanth, pectin, kelgin, carrageenan, acacia, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol. The liquid formulations may also include solutions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs containing, together with the active compound(s), wetting agents, sweeteners, and coloring and flavoring agents. Various liquid and powder formulations can be prepared by conventional methods for inhalation into the lungs of the mammal to be treated.

Injectable formulations of the compositions may contain various carriers such as vegetable oils, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, ethyl lactate, ethyl carbonate, isopropyl myristate, ethanol, polyols (glycerol, propylene glycol, liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like). For intravenous injections, water soluble versions of the compounds may be administered by the drip method, whereby a pharmaceutical formulation containing the antifungal agent and a physiologically acceptable excipient is infused. Physiologically acceptable excipients may include, for example, 5% dextrose, 0.9% saline, Ringer's solution or other suitable excipients. Intramuscular preparations, a sterile formulation of a suitable soluble salt form of the compounds can be dissolved and administered in a pharmaceutical excipient such as Water-for-Injection, 0.9% saline, or 5% glucose solution. A suitable insoluble form of the compound may be prepared and administered as a suspension in an aqueous base or a pharmaceutically acceptable oil base, such as an ester of a long chain fatty acid, (e.g., ethyl oleate).

A topical semi-solid ointment formulation typically contains a concentration of the active ingredient from about 1 to 20%, e.g., 5 to 10% in a carrier such as a pharmaceutical cream base. Various formulations for topical use include drops, tinctures, lotions, creams, solutions, and ointments containing the active ingredient and various supports and vehicles.

The optimal percentage of the antifungal agent in each pharmaceutical formulation varies according to the formulation itself and the therapeutic effect desired in the specific pathologies and correlated therapeutic regimens. Appropriate dosages of the antifungal agents can readily be determined by those of ordinary skill in the art of medicine by monitoring the mammal for signs of disease amelioration or inhibition, and increasing or decreasing the dosage and/or frequency of treatment as desired. The optimal amount of the antifungal compound used for treatment of conditions caused by or contributed to by fungal infection may depend upon the manner of administration, the age and the body weight of the subject and the condition of the subject to be treated. Generally, the antifungal compound is administered at a dosage of 1 to 100 mg/kg of body weight, and typically at a dosage of 1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight.

EXAMPLE

In this example, the identification and cloning of AN97, AN17, AN85, and AN80 are described.

A library of approximately 1,000 A. nidulans mutants was obtained, which was prepared using 4-nitroquinoline as a mutagen, as described previously (Harris et al., Genetics 136:517-532 1994). To identify strains having a temperature-sensitive mutation in an essential gene, the collection of 1,000 strains was grown at the permissive temperature of 28° C. for 16 hours in minimal medium (MN; pH 6.5, 1% glucose, nitrate salts and trace elements as described in Kafer, Adv. Genet. 19:33-131, 1977). The trace element solution was stored at 4° in the dark; each liter contained 40 mg Na₂B₄O₇ (10 H₂O), 400 mg cupric sulfate (5 H₂O), 1 g ferric phosphate (4 H₂O), 600 mg manganese sulfate (4 H₂O), 800 mg disodium molybdate (2 H₂O), and 8 g zinc sulfate (7 H₂O). Salt solution was stored at 4° C. after adding 2 ml chloroform as a preservative; each liter contained 26 g potassium chloride, 26 g magnesium sulfate (7 H₂O) 76 g monobasic potassium phosphate and 50 mL trace element solution. Supplement solution was sterilized by autoclaving for 15 minutes and stored in a light-proof container due to the reactivity of riboflavin. Each liter contains 100 mg nicotinic acid, 250 mg riboflavin, 200 mg pantothenic acid, 50 mg pyridoxin, 1 mg biotin, and 20 mg p-aminobenzoic acid.

Condidia (2×10⁶/ml in sterile, distilled water) were mutagenized with NQO (4 μg/ml) for 30 minutes at 37° C. with constant shaking. Diluting the conidia with an equal volume of 5% sodium thiosulfate inactivated the NQO. Mutagenized conidia were diluted and plated onto CM +TRITON X-100 plates (from Union Carbide Chemicals,) and incubated at 28° C. for 3 days. Colonies were replica plated and the replica plated plates were incubated at 28° C. and 42° C. Putative temperature-sensitive mutants were picked and retested, then stored as a colony plug in 15% glycerol at −70° C.

The cells were replica plated and shifted to 42° C. for 24 hours. Strains that grew poorly or not at all were selected, because they were most likely to represent strains having a mutation in an essential gene. After 1 round of subjecting the collection of cells to the temperature shift, approximately 100 strains (10% of the strains) were identified as having failed to recover once they were shifted to the second permissive temperature. These 100 strains were again grown at a first permissive temperature, followed by 24 hours at 42° C., and 24 or 48 hours at 28° C. (the second permissive temperature). After this second round of selection, 10 strains were identified as having failed to recover, and therefore as containing a temperature sensitive mutation in an essential gene.

Complementation analysis was used to identify the essential gene containing the mutation for each strain. Each of the 10 mutant strains was transformed, separately, with an Aspergillus genomic cosmid library containing an ArgB marker in a pCosAx vector (Adams et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 122:227-231 1994). The strains were grown for 3-4 days at 28° C., replica plated, and shifted to 42° C. for a maximum of 3 days. Strains that grew were collected, and the cosmid DNA was packaged by “selfing” the organism to force it to undergo meiosis. In this method, a colony is picked and grown on a separate plate (which typically is sealed to prevent contamination). The resulting spores then are picked and grown in liquid culture, prior to isolating the DNA. The cosmid was packaged using GIGAPACK III Gold packaging system (Stratagene; La Jolla, Calif.), which produced plasmids that were subsequently isolated, purified, and used to transform bacteria for amplification, isolation, purification, and sequencing.

In one of the resulting strains, the mutation was in a gene designated “AN97,” indicating that in A. nidulans this gene is essential for survival. The amino acid sequence of the AN97 polypeptide and the AN97 gene of A. nidulans are provided in FIG. 1 as SEQ ID NOs:2 and 29; and NO:1, respectively.

In a second strain, the mutation was in a gene designated “AN80,” indicating that this gene is essential for survival. The AN80 amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are shown in FIG. 2 as SEQ ID NOs:5 and 4, respectively.

In a third strain, the mutation was in a gene designated “AN85,” indicating that this gene is essential for survival. The AN85 amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are shown in FIG. 3 as SEQ ID NOs:8, 30, 31, and 32; and NO:7, respectively.

In a fourth strain, the mutation was in a gene designated “AN17,” indicating that this gene is essential for survival. The AN17 amino acid and nucleic acid sequences are shown in FIG. 4 as SEQ ID NOs:11, 33, 34, and 35; and NO:10, respectively.

Now that each of these genes is known to be essential for survival of Aspergillus; the AN polypeptides (AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85) can be used to identify antifungal agents by using the assays described herein. Other art-known assays to detect interactions of test compounds with proteins, or to detect inhibition of fungal growth also can be used with the AN97, AN17, AN80, and AN85 genes and gene products and homologs thereof.

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

The invention also features fragments, variants, analogs, and derivatives of the AN polypeptides described above that retain one or more of the biological activities of the AN polypeptides, e.g., as determined in a complementation assay. Also included within the invention are naturally-occurring and non-naturally-occurring allelic variants. Compared with the naturally-occurring AN97, AN80, AN85, and AN17 nucleotide sequences depicted in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, the nucleic acid sequence encoding allelic variants may have a substitution, deletion, or addition of one or more nucleotides. The preferred allelic variants are functionally equivalent to an AN polypeptide, e.g., as determined in a complementation assay.

It is to be understood that, while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.

SEQUENCE LISTING <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 35 <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 5596 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (604)...(2655) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (2706)...(3992) <400> SEQUENCE: 1 agcgctgcgc agggcagctg tggcaaatcg ccggacgctt tggcgaaaca tcctgtcaat 60 atcaatgctg ctcctgaaac agaaaaagac aagacgaagt tccccggatt gtatctcgaa 120 tgaggggacc gatttccggc gttagtaaga ggtcacgtga aagatggcgt gctaactagt 180 atgcaaggca tttcggctca ggcaaaatac ccagtcaaca atttgttgcc tggaggtgga 240 aatacgagac ccttgattgc gagcagtgtg tgattaggat agctgaggca ttgtattcat 300 gtatcaggaa cctgatcgtc aaagcgttgc aggctgctgg gctgggcacg tgctgcccta 360 acccttatct atctactggt ttggggtgtt tgtttatgct ccgccccgtg actctcagca 420 acggttataa cgagtagtgg cagcagccaa cgaacttctt tgctgccgac ctcacgccaa 480 acaaaagcct ttactggaaa caggctgatc agcaaatcaa gatatactag gatgagttga 540 tattatcacc ggccgcagat tactgacccg acacccttac tgcgtcatta cccctcgatc 600 aag atg ccg agt cga gtt tcc gcc cgt tca aca tcc acc gcc tcg cgc 648 Met Pro Ser Arg Val Ser Ala Arg Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg 1 5 10 15 aaa ggc tct aca cag act gcg aca agc ggt cgc gct ggc tca gcg acc 696 Lys Gly Ser Thr Gln Thr Ala Thr Ser Gly Arg Ala Gly Ser Ala Thr 20 25 30 cca tca ttc gcc atc cca gag gaa act gca tta ccc gag gct gtt cca 744 Pro Ser Phe Ala Ile Pro Glu Glu Thr Ala Leu Pro Glu Ala Val Pro 35 40 45 acc ctt cgc cgc gat gta tgc gcc att ttc gcg gat gcc cag cgt tcg 792 Thr Leu Arg Arg Asp Val Cys Ala Ile Phe Ala Asp Ala Gln Arg Ser 50 55 60 act gcc ggt cat cgc aaa ctt gtc gtc cga cta agg aaa atc cag gag 840 Thr Ala Gly His Arg Lys Leu Val Val Arg Leu Arg Lys Ile Gln Glu 65 70 75 gtg tgc tgt gct ata ccc cag aag aac tcc aaa aaa gac agt tca act 888 Val Cys Cys Ala Ile Pro Gln Lys Asn Ser Lys Lys Asp Ser Ser Thr 80 85 90 95 gaa gag cga ttg att ccc ggc gaa gag acg gta cca gaa aag gag ttc 936 Glu Glu Arg Leu Ile Pro Gly Glu Glu Thr Val Pro Glu Lys Glu Phe 100 105 110 aac gtc gaa gta agt cgt tgt gtg ttg cgc atc ttg tct att aag aag 984 Asn Val Glu Val Ser Arg Cys Val Leu Arg Ile Leu Ser Ile Lys Lys 115 120 125 aca gag cct gtt ggc gat cga atc ctg cgg ttt ctc ggg aac ttc ctt 1032 Thr Glu Pro Val Gly Asp Arg Ile Leu Arg Phe Leu Gly Asn Phe Leu 130 135 140 act cat gcc tcg gaa aag gac gct gag atc ttc ggc tct gaa gaa gat 1080 Thr His Ala Ser Glu Lys Asp Ala Glu Ile Phe Gly Ser Glu Glu Asp 145 150 155 gaa gac gat atg cag aat tcg cac gaa aga ccg act gcc cac ttg acc 1128 Glu Asp Asp Met Gln Asn Ser His Glu Arg Pro Thr Ala His Leu Thr 160 165 170 175 acc agt ctt gtc tcc ctg tta gtg cct ttg ttg tct gca aaa gac aag 1176 Thr Ser Leu Val Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Leu Leu Ser Ala Lys Asp Lys 180 185 190 gtt gtg cgc ttc cgt acc acg caa att atc gcg cac atc gtc aat tca 1224 Val Val Arg Phe Arg Thr Thr Gln Ile Ile Ala His Ile Val Asn Ser 195 200 205 ctc gat acc gta gac gac gaa tta tac cac act ctc cgg caa ggc ctt 1272 Leu Asp Thr Val Asp Asp Glu Leu Tyr His Thr Leu Arg Gln Gly Leu 210 215 220 cta aaa cgg att cgc gac aaa gaa cct tcg gtg cgg gta caa gca gtg 1320 Leu Lys Arg Ile Arg Asp Lys Glu Pro Ser Val Arg Val Gln Ala Val 225 230 235 atg ggt ctc ggc cgc ttg gcc gga aat gaa gag gac gat gac gaa aat 1368 Met Gly Leu Gly Arg Leu Ala Gly Asn Glu Glu Asp Asp Asp Glu Asn 240 245 250 255 gat gat acc agt gcc ctt gtg gag aag ctc gtg gac ata atg caa aat 1416 Asp Asp Thr Ser Ala Leu Val Glu Lys Leu Val Asp Ile Met Gln Asn 260 265 270 gac acg gct gca gag gtt cgg agg aca tta ctc ctc aac ctc cca ttg 1464 Asp Thr Ala Ala Glu Val Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Leu Asn Leu Pro Leu 275 280 285 att ccg tct acc ctt cca tac ctc ctc gaa cgc gcc cgt gac ctc gat 1512 Ile Pro Ser Thr Leu Pro Tyr Leu Leu Glu Arg Ala Arg Asp Leu Asp 290 295 300 gct ccc aca cga agg gca tta tat tct cgt cta ctt ccg aca ctg gga 1560 Ala Pro Thr Arg Arg Ala Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu Leu Pro Thr Leu Gly 305 310 315 gat ttc cga cat tta tct ctc tcc atg aga gaa aag ttg ctc aga tgg 1608 Asp Phe Arg His Leu Ser Leu Ser Met Arg Glu Lys Leu Leu Arg Trp 320 325 330 335 ggt ctt cgt gat cgc gac aaa agt gtg agg aag gcc act gga aag ttg 1656 Gly Leu Arg Asp Arg Asp Lys Ser Val Arg Lys Ala Thr Gly Lys Leu 340 345 350 ttc tat gac cgc tgg att gag ata tcg ctg gca cga aca atg acc ctg 1704 Phe Tyr Asp Arg Trp Ile Glu Ile Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Met Thr Leu 355 360 365 aga att cgg gca gcg ctc gga acg aga att ccc gct tta ctg gag ttg 1752 Arg Ile Arg Ala Ala Leu Gly Thr Arg Ile Pro Ala Leu Leu Glu Leu 370 375 380 ttg gag cgt atc gat gtg gtg aac tca ggc atg gaa tcc ggc ata gcg 1800 Leu Glu Arg Ile Asp Val Val Asn Ser Gly Met Glu Ser Gly Ile Ala 385 390 395 cac gaa gct atg cgc agt ttc tgg gaa ggt cga cca gac tat cga gag 1848 His Glu Ala Met Arg Ser Phe Trp Glu Gly Arg Pro Asp Tyr Arg Glu 400 405 410 415 gcg gta cta ttc gac gaa gcc ttc tgg gag tca atg aca gca gaa tcc 1896 Ala Val Leu Phe Asp Glu Ala Phe Trp Glu Ser Met Thr Ala Glu Ser 420 425 430 gct ttc ctc ctt cgc tca ttc aat gac ttt tgc cgg gtt gaa aac gaa 1944 Ala Phe Leu Leu Arg Ser Phe Asn Asp Phe Cys Arg Val Glu Asn Glu 435 440 445 ggt aaa tat gac agc ctc gcc gat gag aag atc cca gtc gtt aca gcc 1992 Gly Lys Tyr Asp Ser Leu Ala Asp Glu Lys Ile Pro Val Val Thr Ala 450 455 460 ctc gca atg tat ctt cat aag tac atg acc gag ctt ctg cag cgc aag 2040 Leu Ala Met Tyr Leu His Lys Tyr Met Thr Glu Leu Leu Gln Arg Lys 465 470 475 aag ctc aca aag gat gct act gac gta aac gac gac gat acc gtc gaa 2088 Lys Leu Thr Lys Asp Ala Thr Asp Val Asn Asp Asp Asp Thr Val Glu 480 485 490 495 atc gaa ttt atc gtc gag caa ctg ctt cac atc gcg atg aca cta gac 2136 Ile Glu Phe Ile Val Glu Gln Leu Leu His Ile Ala Met Thr Leu Asp 500 505 510 tac agc gac gaa gtt ggg cgg cga aag atg ttt tct cta ctc cgt gag 2184 Tyr Ser Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Lys Met Phe Ser Leu Leu Arg Glu 515 520 525 gct ctc gct gtc cca gag ctc cct cag gaa tcg acc aag ctc gcg gtt 2232 Ala Leu Ala Val Pro Glu Leu Pro Gln Glu Ser Thr Lys Leu Ala Val 530 535 540 gag aca ctg aga tgt gtt tgt ggg ccc gac gcc gcg gca gag agc gaa 2280 Glu Thr Leu Arg Cys Val Cys Gly Pro Asp Ala Ala Ala Glu Ser Glu 545 550 555 ttc tgc agt gtt gtt ctg gaa gcc att gct gaa gtt cat gac aca atc 2328 Phe Cys Ser Val Val Leu Glu Ala Ile Ala Glu Val His Asp Thr Ile 560 565 570 575 agc acc gag gat agt ttc gtt tct gca aag tct gag att agc gat gat 2376 Ser Thr Glu Asp Ser Phe Val Ser Ala Lys Ser Glu Ile Ser Asp Asp 580 585 590 gcc agc agc cgc caa cga tcc gaa acg ccg atg agt gaa gat gac aag 2424 Ala Ser Ser Arg Gln Arg Ser Glu Thr Pro Met Ser Glu Asp Asp Lys 595 600 605 cca ttc aac aag gag gag gca aag gct aag gtc ctc aag gaa atc gtt 2472 Pro Phe Asn Lys Glu Glu Ala Lys Ala Lys Val Leu Lys Glu Ile Val 610 615 620 att aat atg aag tgt ctg cac att gcc ctt tgc atg ctc cag aat gtt 2520 Ile Asn Met Lys Cys Leu His Ile Ala Leu Cys Met Leu Gln Asn Val 625 630 635 gaa ggc aac ctg caa gca aat atg aat ctg gtg acc atg ttg aat aac 2568 Glu Gly Asn Leu Gln Ala Asn Met Asn Leu Val Thr Met Leu Asn Asn 640 645 650 655 ttg gta gta cct gct gtt cgg agc cac gaa gcg cca att cga gag cgc 2616 Leu Val Val Pro Ala Val Arg Ser His Glu Ala Pro Ile Arg Glu Arg 660 665 670 ggt ctc gaa tgt ctt ggg ctg tgc tgc ttg ctg gac aag gtaagttcca 2665 Gly Leu Glu Cys Leu Gly Leu Cys Cys Leu Leu Asp Lys 675 680 tccttactaa atacatcttc ttctctaacc tctctgttag act ctc gca gaa gaa 2720 Thr Leu Ala Glu Glu 685 aat atg acg ctg ttt att cac tgt tac agc aag ggc cac gaa aac cta 2768 Asn Met Thr Leu Phe Ile His Cys Tyr Ser Lys Gly His Glu Asn Leu 690 695 700 705 cag gtc act gct att cat atc ctt tgc gat atg tta att agc cat cct 2816 Gln Val Thr Ala Ile His Ile Leu Cys Asp Met Leu Ile Ser His Pro 710 715 720 tcg ctg gtg gct ccc gtt acc cag gcc gat aag gag aca gtt gcg cca 2864 Ser Leu Val Ala Pro Val Thr Gln Ala Asp Lys Glu Thr Val Ala Pro 725 730 735 ccg gcg ttc cag aag cca ctg ctt aag gtc ttt tcc aga gct ctc aaa 2912 Pro Ala Phe Gln Lys Pro Leu Leu Lys Val Phe Ser Arg Ala Leu Lys 740 745 750 cca aat tca ccc gcg tct gta caa acg gca gct gcg aca gct ctt tct 2960 Pro Asn Ser Pro Ala Ser Val Gln Thr Ala Ala Ala Thr Ala Leu Ser 755 760 765 aag ctt ctg ctc act ggt gtt ttt act cca tct gcc gcc aat atc ccc 3008 Lys Leu Leu Leu Thr Gly Val Phe Thr Pro Ser Ala Ala Asn Ile Pro 770 775 780 785 gat gcc att caa gag ttc aac caa cat gcc atc gaa aca ctg cta cag 3056 Asp Ala Ile Gln Glu Phe Asn Gln His Ala Ile Glu Thr Leu Leu Gln 790 795 800 tcc ctc gtt gtc tcc ttc ttc cat ccc cga act cgc gag aat ccc gca 3104 Ser Leu Val Val Ser Phe Phe His Pro Arg Thr Arg Glu Asn Pro Ala 805 810 815 ctc cga cag gca ctc gcg tac ttc ttc cct gtc tac tgc cac tcc cgg 3152 Leu Arg Gln Ala Leu Ala Tyr Phe Phe Pro Val Tyr Cys His Ser Arg 820 825 830 ccg gat aac acc cag cat atg aga aag att act gta cct gtc atc cgg 3200 Pro Asp Asn Thr Gln His Met Arg Lys Ile Thr Val Pro Val Ile Arg 835 840 845 acc atc cta aac tca gcg gaa gaa tac tac tca ctt gag gct gaa gag 3248 Thr Ile Leu Asn Ser Ala Glu Glu Tyr Tyr Ser Leu Glu Ala Glu Glu 850 855 860 865 gac agt gat ggt gat att gat gag tct gtt ggg gag aag gaa ttg aag 3296 Asp Ser Asp Gly Asp Ile Asp Glu Ser Val Gly Glu Lys Glu Leu Lys 870 875 880 gcc ctg atg agc gga gtt ctt ggt atg ctt gcg gag tgg acg gat gag 3344 Ala Leu Met Ser Gly Val Leu Gly Met Leu Ala Glu Trp Thr Asp Glu 885 890 895 cga aga gtg atc gga ctt ggc ggc gaa cgg gtc ctt gct ggg ggc ctt 3392 Arg Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Gly Gly Glu Arg Val Leu Ala Gly Gly Leu 900 905 910 gct agc tcc aat gtt tgt ggc att atc cac ttg caa ctg att aag gac 3440 Ala Ser Ser Asn Val Cys Gly Ile Ile His Leu Gln Leu Ile Lys Asp 915 920 925 ata ctg gaa cga gtg ctc ggg atc agt gaa ggc agc aat cgc tgc tct 3488 Ile Leu Glu Arg Val Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Gly Ser Asn Arg Cys Ser 930 935 940 945 aaa caa caa cga aaa ctc ctg ttt tca ctc atg agc aag ctc tat att 3536 Lys Gln Gln Arg Lys Leu Leu Phe Ser Leu Met Ser Lys Leu Tyr Ile 950 955 960 gcg ccg cca acg gca ctt tcg cgc tca gcg tcc cag gcc ccc gaa gac 3584 Ala Pro Pro Thr Ala Leu Ser Arg Ser Ala Ser Gln Ala Pro Glu Asp 965 970 975 gac tcg ttc cgt tcc agc gtg cga agc tcc cat ggc gaa ctc aat ccc 3632 Asp Ser Phe Arg Ser Ser Val Arg Ser Ser His Gly Glu Leu Asn Pro 980 985 990 gaa aac ctt gcc ctc gcg cag gaa gtc aag gag cta ctt gac cag acc 3680 Glu Asn Leu Ala Leu Ala Gln Glu Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Asp Gln Thr 995 1000 1005 atc gaa gaa ggt gtg gcg gct gat gct gct agc cga aat gcc ctc gtc 3728 Ile Glu Glu Gly Val Ala Ala Asp Ala Ala Ser Arg Asn Ala Leu Val 1010 1015 1020 1025 aag gtg aag aac gtg gtg ctc aag cta ctg gcg gct ccc atg cga cct 3776 Lys Val Lys Asn Val Val Leu Lys Leu Leu Ala Ala Pro Met Arg Pro 1030 1035 1040 tct agc gca cgc ggc cgc gag agc agt gtc gaa agt gac att ggc agt 3824 Ser Ser Ala Arg Gly Arg Glu Ser Ser Val Glu Ser Asp Ile Gly Ser 1045 1050 1055 gtt cga tct tcc aga agt gtt cgg ccg tcc gta gag cct ggc ttt ggg 3872 Val Arg Ser Ser Arg Ser Val Arg Pro Ser Val Glu Pro Gly Phe Gly 1060 1065 1070 cgc cgc ggt gta tcc gtg gag ccc agt atc atg gag gag gat gag aat 3920 Arg Arg Gly Val Ser Val Glu Pro Ser Ile Met Glu Glu Asp Glu Asn 1075 1080 1085 gag gat agc cgg gcg act ctg gac agt aga atg act gtt atc aaa gag 3968 Glu Asp Ser Arg Ala Thr Leu Asp Ser Arg Met Thr Val Ile Lys Glu 1090 1095 1100 1105 gag gat gcc gac gct atg gag gaa tgattttcgg tctcaagatc tttgctgtct 4022 Glu Asp Ala Asp Ala Met Glu Glu 1110 ggttcggcgt tggggaggtt tcccggcagg gctaatggtc atatttatgg ttaggttgcg 4082 atgtaattat tcgattcttg gttatgcttg aacatgctct atatgttaca aataattcac 4142 tccaaacgtt catgtatgag tatggatctg ttttatattg gccttaccag gatagctcag 4202 ttcttggcga agttatccca gactgacagc tgcctccagg ccagaattgg ctagtcttag 4262 tcttaggtag catctgagtt atcgcgtggt atcaacagtg atcagtgtgg aagggccatc 4322 cgatctgttt gatcttacca gaacgtgtta caacaattca acccaccata tatatggtat 4382 ctacgtcaat gtgaatgaat ctgcttgggc agccttatga ctctggtgac gcgactcggg 4442 gcttgattca atgcgggcaa gaccgcatgt ggagactcct agcatcggat gtgaggcttc 4502 cgttttaatt tcttcctcca aatcgtctgc ctgcctcgct gctttgaaat actccggagg 4562 taccaaagta aagataaatg gttgactctg agagactgct ttgacctcct ggaccaagtc 4622 gtgcctagcc agaaggggag tgttcaatgg gctttgtgag gctactaagg ccgcacgata 4682 caccggagat gcaaagaagt ccgatacggt cgtccatatc tcgagcacct ttattactgg 4742 cgcttttgca gttatatgga ggcgtttaat gattgcgtgt tcggaatccg atgaataata 4802 tctcattagt cgactaaacg gggatgagga tggatgactg ctggtatctt ggtctcaaac 4862 tgtaataagc gtctcggcaa caccgtacgg ttgacaatcc tgggcagatg gcagcacctg 4922 tagaatccaa gaagacgcag ctggactcat tgagacagtt gaattcctta actataatga 4982 cagactaata atacaaaagt gcggtggtca acttcttccc aatcccctca aaagtcagac 5042 ccgaccctgt tctttctaat aatctgacgc tccaccaaaa gtccagcttc tgggcgactt 5102 tctttttctt ccccatcctt ttcctttccc actctcctcc ctcctctctc gcttctcttc 5162 ctttcgctgt atgttttttg ttgcttgatt cacgactttc tttttccttc tggtcgtgga 5222 tccgtgtctt ctgcccccac ttgcagaggc acgatttttc tccctctccc tctcctccct 5282 tccgtactcc ccccctcccc cctgctctgc gcctttggca tccggagcct gcgtcgagac 5342 cgtgagcgat ggcctccgtg tcagctccca cgcccaagct ggaccgctac atcgtcgttc 5402 atgtggcaac tacctgcgat gagcatggcg tctacgtcac caaggactct gcagagtgat 5462 cgagttgggg tggatcttgt tggataccaa aacctgcgag agtcgcagtg attctctccc 5522 tgcaccacac ctattccacc ccctcttttg tgtcttgatt ctcgccggcc taccgggatt 5582 ctgccgacga catt 5596 <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 684 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 2 Met Pro Ser Arg Val Ser Ala Arg Ser Thr Ser Thr Ala Ser Arg Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly Ser Thr Gln Thr Ala Thr Ser Gly Arg Ala Gly Ser Ala Thr Pro 20 25 30 Ser Phe Ala Ile Pro Glu Glu Thr Ala Leu Pro Glu Ala Val Pro Thr 35 40 45 Leu Arg Arg Asp Val Cys Ala Ile Phe Ala Asp Ala Gln Arg Ser Thr 50 55 60 Ala Gly His Arg Lys Leu Val Val Arg Leu Arg Lys Ile Gln Glu Val 65 70 75 80 Cys Cys Ala Ile Pro Gln Lys Asn Ser Lys Lys Asp Ser Ser Thr Glu 85 90 95 Glu Arg Leu Ile Pro Gly Glu Glu Thr Val Pro Glu Lys Glu Phe Asn 100 105 110 Val Glu Val Ser Arg Cys Val Leu Arg Ile Leu Ser Ile Lys Lys Thr 115 120 125 Glu Pro Val Gly Asp Arg Ile Leu Arg Phe Leu Gly Asn Phe Leu Thr 130 135 140 His Ala Ser Glu Lys Asp Ala Glu Ile Phe Gly Ser Glu Glu Asp Glu 145 150 155 160 Asp Asp Met Gln Asn Ser His Glu Arg Pro Thr Ala His Leu Thr Thr 165 170 175 Ser Leu Val Ser Leu Leu Val Pro Leu Leu Ser Ala Lys Asp Lys Val 180 185 190 Val Arg Phe Arg Thr Thr Gln Ile Ile Ala His Ile Val Asn Ser Leu 195 200 205 Asp Thr Val Asp Asp Glu Leu Tyr His Thr Leu Arg Gln Gly Leu Leu 210 215 220 Lys Arg Ile Arg Asp Lys Glu Pro Ser Val Arg Val Gln Ala Val Met 225 230 235 240 Gly Leu Gly Arg Leu Ala Gly Asn Glu Glu Asp Asp Asp Glu Asn Asp 245 250 255 Asp Thr Ser Ala Leu Val Glu Lys Leu Val Asp Ile Met Gln Asn Asp 260 265 270 Thr Ala Ala Glu Val Arg Arg Thr Leu Leu Leu Asn Leu Pro Leu Ile 275 280 285 Pro Ser Thr Leu Pro Tyr Leu Leu Glu Arg Ala Arg Asp Leu Asp Ala 290 295 300 Pro Thr Arg Arg Ala Leu Tyr Ser Arg Leu Leu Pro Thr Leu Gly Asp 305 310 315 320 Phe Arg His Leu Ser Leu Ser Met Arg Glu Lys Leu Leu Arg Trp Gly 325 330 335 Leu Arg Asp Arg Asp Lys Ser Val Arg Lys Ala Thr Gly Lys Leu Phe 340 345 350 Tyr Asp Arg Trp Ile Glu Ile Ser Leu Ala Arg Thr Met Thr Leu Arg 355 360 365 Ile Arg Ala Ala Leu Gly Thr Arg Ile Pro Ala Leu Leu Glu Leu Leu 370 375 380 Glu Arg Ile Asp Val Val Asn Ser Gly Met Glu Ser Gly Ile Ala His 385 390 395 400 Glu Ala Met Arg Ser Phe Trp Glu Gly Arg Pro Asp Tyr Arg Glu Ala 405 410 415 Val Leu Phe Asp Glu Ala Phe Trp Glu Ser Met Thr Ala Glu Ser Ala 420 425 430 Phe Leu Leu Arg Ser Phe Asn Asp Phe Cys Arg Val Glu Asn Glu Gly 435 440 445 Lys Tyr Asp Ser Leu Ala Asp Glu Lys Ile Pro Val Val Thr Ala Leu 450 455 460 Ala Met Tyr Leu His Lys Tyr Met Thr Glu Leu Leu Gln Arg Lys Lys 465 470 475 480 Leu Thr Lys Asp Ala Thr Asp Val Asn Asp Asp Asp Thr Val Glu Ile 485 490 495 Glu Phe Ile Val Glu Gln Leu Leu His Ile Ala Met Thr Leu Asp Tyr 500 505 510 Ser Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Lys Met Phe Ser Leu Leu Arg Glu Ala 515 520 525 Leu Ala Val Pro Glu Leu Pro Gln Glu Ser Thr Lys Leu Ala Val Glu 530 535 540 Thr Leu Arg Cys Val Cys Gly Pro Asp Ala Ala Ala Glu Ser Glu Phe 545 550 555 560 Cys Ser Val Val Leu Glu Ala Ile Ala Glu Val His Asp Thr Ile Ser 565 570 575 Thr Glu Asp Ser Phe Val Ser Ala Lys Ser Glu Ile Ser Asp Asp Ala 580 585 590 Ser Ser Arg Gln Arg Ser Glu Thr Pro Met Ser Glu Asp Asp Lys Pro 595 600 605 Phe Asn Lys Glu Glu Ala Lys Ala Lys Val Leu Lys Glu Ile Val Ile 610 615 620 Asn Met Lys Cys Leu His Ile Ala Leu Cys Met Leu Gln Asn Val Glu 625 630 635 640 Gly Asn Leu Gln Ala Asn Met Asn Leu Val Thr Met Leu Asn Asn Leu 645 650 655 Val Val Pro Ala Val Arg Ser His Glu Ala Pro Ile Arg Glu Arg Gly 660 665 670 Leu Glu Cys Leu Gly Leu Cys Cys Leu Leu Asp Lys 675 680 <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 5596 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 3 aatgtcgtcg gcagaatccc ggtaggccgg cgagaatcaa gacacaaaag agggggtgga 60 ataggtgtgg tgcagggaga gaatcactgc gactctcgca ggttttggta tccaacaaga 120 tccaccccaa ctcgatcact ctgcagagtc cttggtgacg tagacgccat gctcatcgca 180 ggtagttgcc acatgaacga cgatgtagcg gtccagcttg ggcgtgggag ctgacacgga 240 ggccatcgct cacggtctcg acgcaggctc cggatgccaa aggcgcagag caggggggag 300 ggggggagta cggaagggag gagagggaga gggagaaaaa tcgtgcctct gcaagtgggg 360 gcagaagaca cggatccacg accagaagga aaaagaaagt cgtgaatcaa gcaacaaaaa 420 acatacagcg aaaggaagag aagcgagaga ggagggagga gagtgggaaa ggaaaaggat 480 ggggaagaaa aagaaagtcg cccagaagct ggacttttgg tggagcgtca gattattaga 540 aagaacaggg tcgggtctga cttttgaggg gattgggaag aagttgacca ccgcactttt 600 gtattattag tctgtcatta tagttaagga attcaactgt ctcaatgagt ccagctgcgt 660 cttcttggat tctacaggtg ctgccatctg cccaggattg tcaaccgtac ggtgttgccg 720 agacgcttat tacagtttga gaccaagata ccagcagtca tccatcctca tccccgttta 780 gtcgactaat gagatattat tcatcggatt ccgaacacgc aatcattaaa cgcctccata 840 taactgcaaa agcgccagta ataaaggtgc tcgagatatg gacgaccgta tcggacttct 900 ttgcatctcc ggtgtatcgt gcggccttag tagcctcaca aagcccattg aacactcccc 960 ttctggctag gcacgacttg gtccaggagg tcaaagcagt ctctcagagt caaccattta 1020 tctttacttt ggtacctccg gagtatttca aagcagcgag gcaggcagac gatttggagg 1080 aagaaattaa aacggaagcc tcacatccga tgctaggagt ctccacatgc ggtcttgccc 1140 gcattgaatc aagccccgag tcgcgtcacc agagtcataa ggctgcccaa gcagattcat 1200 tcacattgac gtagatacca tatatatggt gggttgaatt gttgtaacac gttctggtaa 1260 gatcaaacag atcggatggc ccttccacac tgatcactgt tgataccacg cgataactca 1320 gatgctacct aagactaaga ctagccaatt ctggcctgga ggcagctgtc agtctgggat 1380 aacttcgcca agaactgagc tatcctggta aggccaatat aaaacagatc catactcata 1440 catgaacgtt tggagtgaat tatttgtaac atatagagca tgttcaagca taaccaagaa 1500 tcgaataatt acatcgcaac ctaaccataa atatgaccat tagccctgcc gggaaacctc 1560 cccaacgccg aaccagacag caaagatctt gagaccgaaa atcattcctc catagcgtcg 1620 gcatcctcct ctttgataac agtcattcta ctgtccagag tcgcccggct atcctcattc 1680 tcatcctcct ccatgatact gggctccacg gatacaccgc ggcgcccaaa gccaggctct 1740 acggacggcc gaacacttct ggaagatcga acactgccaa tgtcactttc gacactgctc 1800 tcgcggccgc gtgcgctaga aggtcgcatg ggagccgcca gtagcttgag caccacgttc 1860 ttcaccttga cgagggcatt tcggctagca gcatcagccg ccacaccttc ttcgatggtc 1920 tggtcaagta gctccttgac ttcctgcgcg agggcaaggt tttcgggatt gagttcgcca 1980 tgggagcttc gcacgctgga acggaacgag tcgtcttcgg gggcctggga cgctgagcgc 2040 gaaagtgccg ttggcggcgc aatatagagc ttgctcatga gtgaaaacag gagttttcgt 2100 tgttgtttag agcagcgatt gctgccttca ctgatcccga gcactcgttc cagtatgtcc 2160 ttaatcagtt gcaagtggat aatgccacaa acattggagc tagcaaggcc cccagcaagg 2220 acccgttcgc cgccaagtcc gatcactctt cgctcatccg tccactccgc aagcatacca 2280 agaactccgc tcatcagggc cttcaattcc ttctccccaa cagactcatc aatatcacca 2340 tcactgtcct cttcagcctc aagtgagtag tattcttccg ctgagtttag gatggtccgg 2400 atgacaggta cagtaatctt tctcatatgc tgggtgttat ccggccggga gtggcagtag 2460 acagggaaga agtacgcgag tgcctgtcgg agtgcgggat tctcgcgagt tcggggatgg 2520 aagaaggaga caacgaggga ctgtagcagt gtttcgatgg catgttggtt gaactcttga 2580 atggcatcgg ggatattggc ggcagatgga gtaaaaacac cagtgagcag aagcttagaa 2640 agagctgtcg cagctgccgt ttgtacagac gcgggtgaat ttggtttgag agctctggaa 2700 aagaccttaa gcagtggctt ctggaacgcc ggtggcgcaa ctgtctcctt atcggcctgg 2760 gtaacgggag ccaccagcga aggatggcta attaacatat cgcaaaggat atgaatagca 2820 gtgacctgta ggttttcgtg gcccttgctg taacagtgaa taaacagcgt catattttct 2880 tctgcgagag tctaacagag aggttagaga agaagatgta tttagtaagg atggaactta 2940 ccttgtccag caagcagcac agcccaagac attcgagacc gcgctctcga attggcgctt 3000 cgtggctccg aacagcaggt actaccaagt tattcaacat ggtcaccaga ttcatatttg 3060 cttgcaggtt gccttcaaca ttctggagca tgcaaagggc aatgtgcaga cacttcatat 3120 taataacgat ttccttgagg accttagcct ttgcctcctc cttgttgaat ggcttgtcat 3180 cttcactcat cggcgtttcg gatcgttggc ggctgctggc atcatcgcta atctcagact 3240 ttgcagaaac gaaactatcc tcggtgctga ttgtgtcatg aacttcagca atggcttcca 3300 gaacaacact gcagaattcg ctctctgccg cggcgtcggg cccacaaaca catctcagtg 3360 tctcaaccgc gagcttggtc gattcctgag ggagctctgg gacagcgaga gcctcacgga 3420 gtagagaaaa catctttcgc cgcccaactt cgtcgctgta gtctagtgtc atcgcgatgt 3480 gaagcagttg ctcgacgata aattcgattt cgacggtatc gtcgtcgttt acgtcagtag 3540 catcctttgt gagcttcttg cgctgcagaa gctcggtcat gtacttatga agatacattg 3600 cgagggctgt aacgactggg atcttctcat cggcgaggct gtcatattta ccttcgtttt 3660 caacccggca aaagtcattg aatgagcgaa ggaggaaagc ggattctgct gtcattgact 3720 cccagaaggc ttcgtcgaat agtaccgcct ctcgatagtc tggtcgacct tcccagaaac 3780 tgcgcatagc ttcgtgcgct atgccggatt ccatgcctga gttcaccaca tcgatacgct 3840 ccaacaactc cagtaaagcg ggaattctcg ttccgagcgc tgcccgaatt ctcagggtca 3900 ttgttcgtgc cagcgatatc tcaatccagc ggtcatagaa caactttcca gtggccttcc 3960 tcacactttt gtcgcgatca cgaagacccc atctgagcaa cttttctctc atggagagag 4020 ataaatgtcg gaaatctccc agtgtcggaa gtagacgaga atataatgcc cttcgtgtgg 4080 gagcatcgag gtcacgggcg cgttcgagga ggtatggaag ggtagacgga atcaatggga 4140 ggttgaggag taatgtcctc cgaacctctg cagccgtgtc attttgcatt atgtccacga 4200 gcttctccac aagggcactg gtatcatcat tttcgtcatc gtcctcttca tttccggcca 4260 agcggccgag acccatcact gcttgtaccc gcaccgaagg ttctttgtcg cgaatccgtt 4320 ttagaaggcc ttgccggaga gtgtggtata attcgtcgtc tacggtatcg agtgaattga 4380 cgatgtgcgc gataatttgc gtggtacgga agcgcacaac cttgtctttt gcagacaaca 4440 aaggcactaa cagggagaca agactggtgg tcaagtgggc agtcggtctt tcgtgcgaat 4500 tctgcatatc gtcttcatct tcttcagagc cgaagatctc agcgtccttt tccgaggcat 4560 gagtaaggaa gttcccgaga aaccgcagga ttcgatcgcc aacaggctct gtcttcttaa 4620 tagacaagat gcgcaacaca caacgactta cttcgacgtt gaactccttt tctggtaccg 4680 tctcttcgcc gggaatcaat cgctcttcag ttgaactgtc ttttttggag ttcttctggg 4740 gtatagcaca gcacacctcc tggattttcc ttagtcggac gacaagtttg cgatgaccgg 4800 cagtcgaacg ctgggcatcc gcgaaaatgg cgcatacatc gcggcgaagg gttggaacag 4860 cctcgggtaa tgcagtttcc tctgggatgg cgaatgatgg ggtcgctgag ccagcgcgac 4920 cgcttgtcgc agtctgtgta gagcctttgc gcgaggcggt ggatgttgaa cgggcggaaa 4980 ctcgactcgg catcttgatc gaggggtaat gacgcagtaa gggtgtcggg tcagtaatct 5040 gcggccggtg ataatatcaa ctcatcctag tatatcttga tttgctgatc agcctgtttc 5100 cagtaaaggc ttttgtttgg cgtgaggtcg gcagcaaaga agttcgttgg ctgctgccac 5160 tactcgttat aaccgttgct gagagtcacg gggcggagca taaacaaaca ccccaaacca 5220 gtagatagat aagggttagg gcagcacgtg cccagcccag cagcctgcaa cgctttgacg 5280 atcaggttcc tgatacatga atacaatgcc tcagctatcc taatcacaca ctgctcgcaa 5340 tcaagggtct cgtatttcca cctccaggca acaaattgtt gactgggtat tttgcctgag 5400 ccgaaatgcc ttgcatacta gttagcacgc catctttcac gtgacctctt actaacgccg 5460 gaaatcggtc ccctcattcg agatacaatc cggggaactt cgtcttgtct ttttctgttt 5520 caggagcagc attgatattg acaggatgtt tcgccaaagc gtccggcgat ttgccacagc 5580 tgccctgcgc agcgct 5596 <210> SEQ ID NO 4 <211> LENGTH: 1758 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (162)...(1319) <400> SEQUENCE: 4 caaaagtctt gatcacaggg gcacaagcgc aattgagcca ccatgcttac ggacggcatc 60 gaaggggtca aggagaaagt ctttgtgctc gtgaccggtg ccaacaggta cagtgaaacc 120 ctgcgctctg tctcctatct catgcggtcc gttagtggtt t atg ttt cta act gtt 176 Met Phe Leu Thr Val 1 5 acc cct tgt ggg ttt tca ccg ttt agc gga cta gga tac tca acg tgt 224 Thr Pro Cys Gly Phe Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Leu Gly Tyr Ser Thr Cys 10 15 20 tgc cgt ctt gca gat gaa ttc ctg gcg tct cat cgg aac gac cat cgt 272 Cys Arg Leu Ala Asp Glu Phe Leu Ala Ser His Arg Asn Asp His Arg 25 30 35 tca ttg aca atc atc ttc act acc cgg agc aca aga aag gga agc gac 320 Ser Leu Thr Ile Ile Phe Thr Thr Arg Ser Thr Arg Lys Gly Ser Asp 40 45 50 acc ctt cgc aac cta cag aat cac ctc cgc acc tcc acc ttc ggt gct 368 Thr Leu Arg Asn Leu Gln Asn His Leu Arg Thr Ser Thr Phe Gly Ala 55 60 65 tcg gcc acc gct cga gtg acc ttc gtt cct gaa aat gtc gac ctc tgc 416 Ser Ala Thr Ala Arg Val Thr Phe Val Pro Glu Asn Val Asp Leu Cys 70 75 80 85 aac ctc ctc tcg gtc cgc gcg cta tcc cgt cgc ctg aac aag acc ttc 464 Asn Leu Leu Ser Val Arg Ala Leu Ser Arg Arg Leu Asn Lys Thr Phe 90 95 100 cca aaa ctc gac gcg att gtg ctt aat gcc ggg ata ggg ggt tgg tct 512 Pro Lys Leu Asp Ala Ile Val Leu Asn Ala Gly Ile Gly Gly Trp Ser 105 110 115 ggc ctc aat tgg cct ctg gcc gta tgg agc gtt tgc acc gac att atc 560 Gly Leu Asn Trp Pro Leu Ala Val Trp Ser Val Cys Thr Asp Ile Ile 120 125 130 cat gcg acg acg tgg cca aag tac aaa att gcg cct gta ggt ctc ata 608 His Ala Thr Thr Trp Pro Lys Tyr Lys Ile Ala Pro Val Gly Leu Ile 135 140 145 acg gac aac cag aca att act gtg acc gac aag gag ccc cgc ctg gga 656 Thr Asp Asn Gln Thr Ile Thr Val Thr Asp Lys Glu Pro Arg Leu Gly 150 155 160 165 acc gtc ttc tgc gcc aac gtc ttc ggc cac tac atg ctc gcg cat aat 704 Thr Val Phe Cys Ala Asn Val Phe Gly His Tyr Met Leu Ala His Asn 170 175 180 gtc atg cct ctc ctg cac cga tcc gga tcc ccc aac gga ccc gga cgc 752 Val Met Pro Leu Leu His Arg Ser Gly Ser Pro Asn Gly Pro Gly Arg 185 190 195 gtg ata tgg ctc tcc agc act gaa gcc acg atc aac ttc ttc gat gtt 800 Val Ile Trp Leu Ser Ser Thr Glu Ala Thr Ile Asn Phe Phe Asp Val 200 205 210 gat gat ttt cag gcg ctc cgg tcc aaa gct ccc tac gag tca tca aaa 848 Asp Asp Phe Gln Ala Leu Arg Ser Lys Ala Pro Tyr Glu Ser Ser Lys 215 220 225 gcg cta aca gac ctc cta tcc ctc acc tca gac ctt ccc agt act gct 896 Ala Leu Thr Asp Leu Leu Ser Leu Thr Ser Asp Leu Pro Ser Thr Ala 230 235 240 245 ccc tgg gtg aaa agc ttc tat tcc acc gac ttc gaa acc gat tcc aag 944 Pro Trp Val Lys Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Asp Phe Glu Thr Asp Ser Lys 250 255 260 ccc agc acc gga cct gag acc gcc tcg acc ata ccc aac gta tac ctc 992 Pro Ser Thr Gly Pro Glu Thr Ala Ser Thr Ile Pro Asn Val Tyr Leu 265 270 275 tct cac ccc gga atc tgc gct acg gcg att ata ccc ctt cct aca atc 1040 Ser His Pro Gly Ile Cys Ala Thr Ala Ile Ile Pro Leu Pro Thr Ile 280 285 290 ctc atc tac gca atg gtc gcc gca ttt tgg cta gcc cgc atc ctc ggc 1088 Leu Ile Tyr Ala Met Val Ala Ala Phe Trp Leu Ala Arg Ile Leu Gly 295 300 305 tcc cct tgg cat acc tta tcc acc tac cta ggc gct tgc agc cct gtc 1136 Ser Pro Trp His Thr Leu Ser Thr Tyr Leu Gly Ala Cys Ser Pro Val 310 315 320 325 tgg ctt gct ctc tcc aca caa tca gaa ctc gac gcc gcc gaa gca ccg 1184 Trp Leu Ala Leu Ser Thr Gln Ser Glu Leu Asp Ala Ala Glu Ala Pro 330 335 340 tac cgg aaa cac ggc ggc ggc agg gtg aaa tgg ggg tct tcg gcg tct 1232 Tyr Arg Lys His Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Trp Gly Ser Ser Ala Ser 345 350 355 cga tta ggt gta gcc tcc gtc gta tct tcg gag gtt gac gga tgg ggc 1280 Arg Leu Gly Val Ala Ser Val Val Ser Ser Glu Val Asp Gly Trp Gly 360 365 370 tat ggg ggt gtt cct ggg gcc ggc tgt tgt ggc gga gga tagggtctga 1329 Tyr Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Gly Gly Gly 375 380 385 aggcgcaagc gtggtgcagt ggatcttacg gctgagggga aggagggatt ccaggaactg 1389 ggggctatat gttggaggca gatggaggag ctgaggatcc tgtgggataa cttacttgat 1449 gaagagagaa ggggactggt gtgacggcgt aggtggcttg tcctgggagt gagatctctt 1509 acatttcggc cttcgtccct aaaatccttt tctcccttcc tctttattat acgatgtcgg 1569 cggttttatg ttcaatacag cacatctacg gtacaaagac aacatatagc taatataata 1629 tcatagataa tagtaataat caagcacaaa agctcgattc tgcaagatct caatatcttt 1689 attccagttt tcactgctct tgtcttccat atttacattc cacgtccacg tgcatccttt 1749 aaaaacagt 1758 <210> SEQ ID NO 5 <211> LENGTH: 386 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 5 Met Phe Leu Thr Val Thr Pro Cys Gly Phe Ser Pro Phe Ser Gly Leu 1 5 10 15 Gly Tyr Ser Thr Cys Cys Arg Leu Ala Asp Glu Phe Leu Ala Ser His 20 25 30 Arg Asn Asp His Arg Ser Leu Thr Ile Ile Phe Thr Thr Arg Ser Thr 35 40 45 Arg Lys Gly Ser Asp Thr Leu Arg Asn Leu Gln Asn His Leu Arg Thr 50 55 60 Ser Thr Phe Gly Ala Ser Ala Thr Ala Arg Val Thr Phe Val Pro Glu 65 70 75 80 Asn Val Asp Leu Cys Asn Leu Leu Ser Val Arg Ala Leu Ser Arg Arg 85 90 95 Leu Asn Lys Thr Phe Pro Lys Leu Asp Ala Ile Val Leu Asn Ala Gly 100 105 110 Ile Gly Gly Trp Ser Gly Leu Asn Trp Pro Leu Ala Val Trp Ser Val 115 120 125 Cys Thr Asp Ile Ile His Ala Thr Thr Trp Pro Lys Tyr Lys Ile Ala 130 135 140 Pro Val Gly Leu Ile Thr Asp Asn Gln Thr Ile Thr Val Thr Asp Lys 145 150 155 160 Glu Pro Arg Leu Gly Thr Val Phe Cys Ala Asn Val Phe Gly His Tyr 165 170 175 Met Leu Ala His Asn Val Met Pro Leu Leu His Arg Ser Gly Ser Pro 180 185 190 Asn Gly Pro Gly Arg Val Ile Trp Leu Ser Ser Thr Glu Ala Thr Ile 195 200 205 Asn Phe Phe Asp Val Asp Asp Phe Gln Ala Leu Arg Ser Lys Ala Pro 210 215 220 Tyr Glu Ser Ser Lys Ala Leu Thr Asp Leu Leu Ser Leu Thr Ser Asp 225 230 235 240 Leu Pro Ser Thr Ala Pro Trp Val Lys Ser Phe Tyr Ser Thr Asp Phe 245 250 255 Glu Thr Asp Ser Lys Pro Ser Thr Gly Pro Glu Thr Ala Ser Thr Ile 260 265 270 Pro Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser His Pro Gly Ile Cys Ala Thr Ala Ile Ile 275 280 285 Pro Leu Pro Thr Ile Leu Ile Tyr Ala Met Val Ala Ala Phe Trp Leu 290 295 300 Ala Arg Ile Leu Gly Ser Pro Trp His Thr Leu Ser Thr Tyr Leu Gly 305 310 315 320 Ala Cys Ser Pro Val Trp Leu Ala Leu Ser Thr Gln Ser Glu Leu Asp 325 330 335 Ala Ala Glu Ala Pro Tyr Arg Lys His Gly Gly Gly Arg Val Lys Trp 340 345 350 Gly Ser Ser Ala Ser Arg Leu Gly Val Ala Ser Val Val Ser Ser Glu 355 360 365 Val Asp Gly Trp Gly Tyr Gly Gly Val Pro Gly Ala Gly Cys Cys Gly 370 375 380 ly Gly 385 <210> SEQ ID NO 6 <211> LENGTH: 1758 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 6 actgttttta aaggatgcac gtggacgtgg aatgtaaata tggaagacaa gagcagtgaa 60 aactggaata aagatattga gatcttgcag aatcgagctt ttgtgcttga ttattactat 120 tatctatgat attatattag ctatatgttg tctttgtacc gtagatgtgc tgtattgaac 180 ataaaaccgc cgacatcgta taataaagag gaagggagaa aaggatttta gggacgaagg 240 ccgaaatgta agagatctca ctcccaggac aagccaccta cgccgtcaca ccagtcccct 300 tctctcttca tcaagtaagt tatcccacag gatcctcagc tcctccatct gcctccaaca 360 tatagccccc agttcctgga atccctcctt cccctcagcc gtaagatcca ctgcaccacg 420 cttgcgcctt cagaccctat cctccgccac aacagccggc cccaggaaca cccccatagc 480 cccatccgtc aacctccgaa gatacgacgg aggctacacc taatcgagac gccgaagacc 540 cccatttcac cctgccgccg ccgtgtttcc ggtacggtgc ttcggcggcg tcgagttctg 600 attgtgtgga gagagcaagc cagacagggc tgcaagcgcc taggtaggtg gataaggtat 660 gccaagggga gccgaggatg cgggctagcc aaaatgcggc gaccattgcg tagatgagga 720 ttgtaggaag gggtataatc gccgtagcgc agattccggg gtgagagagg tatacgttgg 780 gtatggtcga ggcggtctca ggtccggtgc tgggcttgga atcggtttcg aagtcggtgg 840 aatagaagct tttcacccag ggagcagtac tgggaaggtc tgaggtgagg gataggaggt 900 ctgttagcgc ttttgatgac tcgtagggag ctttggaccg gagcgcctga aaatcatcaa 960 catcgaagaa gttgatcgtg gcttcagtgc tggagagcca tatcacgcgt ccgggtccgt 1020 tgggggatcc ggatcggtgc aggagaggca tgacattatg cgcgagcatg tagtggccga 1080 agacgttggc gcagaagacg gttcccaggc ggggctcctt gtcggtcaca gtaattgtct 1140 ggttgtccgt tatgagacct acaggcgcaa ttttgtactt tggccacgtc gtcgcatgga 1200 taatgtcggt gcaaacgctc catacggcca gaggccaatt gaggccagac caacccccta 1260 tcccggcatt aagcacaatc gcgtcgagtt ttgggaaggt cttgttcagg cgacgggata 1320 gcgcgcggac cgagaggagg ttgcagaggt cgacattttc aggaacgaag gtcactcgag 1380 cggtggccga agcaccgaag gtggaggtgc ggaggtgatt ctgtaggttg cgaagggtgt 1440 cgcttccctt tcttgtgctc cgggtagtga agatgattgt caatgaacga tggtcgttcc 1500 gatgagacgc caggaattca tctgcaagac ggcaacacgt tgagtatcct agtccgctaa 1560 acggtgaaaa cccacaaggg gtaacagtta gaaacataaa ccactaacgg accgcatgag 1620 ataggagaca gagcgcaggg tttcactgta cctgttggca ccggtcacga gcacaaagac 1680 tttctccttg accccttcga tgccgtccgt aagcatggtg gctcaattgc gcttgtgccc 1740 ctgtgatcaa gacttttg 1758 <210> SEQ ID NO 7 <211> LENGTH: 1792 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (230)...(309) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (375)...(815) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (876)...(1149) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1200)...(1475) <400> SEQUENCE: 7 gaattcctgt gatggagcag aacctcggag tatgctccga tgtcagtaca ttaaattttg 60 tagcgatcca cgtgatttct attttgcgtc cgcaataggt cttctgatac ggctgaagaa 120 atatagtacg tggtccagtg cctatagacg gaaagtattt tcgtacggtt ggctcccaag 180 gcaataggtc aacctcgcat acggagaata acggtacggt cctgaagga atg agg gga 238 Met Arg Gly 1 tgt att ctc ctt ctc cga ggg cca gaa ggg gaa cag gcc cgc act gat 286 Cys Ile Leu Leu Leu Arg Gly Pro Glu Gly Glu Gln Ala Arg Thr Asp 5 10 15 ccg gcg aaa att tcc cct ctc ga gtcttcgctc tcccccccac acggctgact 339 Pro Ala Lys Ile Ser Pro Leu Asp 20 25 aacccttcca ttcttgcccg catccagcca gccag c ctt ttg tcg ccg ccc ttg 393 Leu Leu Ser Pro Pro Leu 30 gtt cgg gct act gtc atc ttc cct tct tca tct tca tgc cgc tct cga 441 Val Arg Ala Thr Val Ile Phe Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg 35 40 45 ctg aaa tat tca gtc tct tgc tct gat tta cag tta cta cgc gca gac 489 Leu Lys Tyr Ser Val Ser Cys Ser Asp Leu Gln Leu Leu Arg Ala Asp 50 55 60 65 acg ctg cac atc tcc gcg atc atg acc gaa tcc act caa gaa cag ggc 537 Thr Leu His Ile Ser Ala Ile Met Thr Glu Ser Thr Gln Glu Gln Gly 70 75 80 aac gat ggc cag cga atg ccc ccc gcc ccg gcg acc ccc gtt gag gat 585 Asn Asp Gly Gln Arg Met Pro Pro Ala Pro Ala Thr Pro Val Glu Asp 85 90 95 tac gtc ttc cct gaa tat cgc ctg aag cgt gtg atg gat gac ccg gaa 633 Tyr Val Phe Pro Glu Tyr Arg Leu Lys Arg Val Met Asp Asp Pro Glu 100 105 110 aag acg ccg cta ttg ctt ata gct tgc ggt tca ttc tca cct att acg 681 Lys Thr Pro Leu Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro Ile Thr 115 120 125 ttc ctg cac ctg cgc atg ttc gaa atg gcc gcc gat tac gtc aaa ctg 729 Phe Leu His Leu Arg Met Phe Glu Met Ala Ala Asp Tyr Val Lys Leu 130 135 140 145 agc aca gat ttc gaa ata att gga ggt tat ctt tcg ccc gtc tcg gac 777 Ser Thr Asp Phe Glu Ile Ile Gly Gly Tyr Leu Ser Pro Val Ser Asp 150 155 160 gcc tac cgc aag gca ggt ctt gcg agt gcc aat cac ag gtagttactt 825 Ala Tyr Arg Lys Ala Gly Leu Ala Ser Ala Asn His Arg 165 170 taacacactt cttccatagt tactatccag gactgatctg gcggctttag a att gca 882 Ile Ala 175 atg tgc caa cga gcc gtg gac caa acg tca gac tgg atg atg gtg gat 930 Met Cys Gln Arg Ala Val Asp Gln Thr Ser Asp Trp Met Met Val Asp 180 185 190 aca tgg gag ccg atg cac aag gag tac cag cca act gcc atc gta ctg 978 Thr Trp Glu Pro Met His Lys Glu Tyr Gln Pro Thr Ala Ile Val Leu 195 200 205 gat cat ttt gac tac gag atc aac act gtc cgc aaa ggt atc gat acc 1026 Asp His Phe Asp Tyr Glu Ile Asn Thr Val Arg Lys Gly Ile Asp Thr 210 215 220 gga aaa ggc act cga aag cga gtg caa gtc gtc tta ttg gcc ggg gca 1074 Gly Lys Gly Thr Arg Lys Arg Val Gln Val Val Leu Leu Ala Gly Ala 225 230 235 240 gat ttg gtc cat acc atg tct acg ccc gga gta tgg agt gag aag gat 1122 Asp Leu Val His Thr Met Ser Thr Pro Gly Val Trp Ser Glu Lys Asp 245 250 255 ctc gat cat att ctt gga cag tac ggg gtatgttatg ttgtatctat 1169 Leu Asp His Ile Leu Gly Gln Tyr Gly 260 265 cctaaacttc gcgcaagcta actggtctag act ttc atc gtc gag cga agc ggg 1223 Thr Phe Ile Val Glu Arg Ser Gly 270 aca gat att gac gag gcg ctc gcg gca ttg cag cca tgg aaa aag aat 1271 Thr Asp Ile Asp Glu Ala Leu Ala Ala Leu Gln Pro Trp Lys Lys Asn 275 280 285 atc cat gtt att caa caa ctt att caa aat gac gtt agc agc act aag 1319 Ile His Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Ile Gln Asn Asp Val Ser Ser Thr Lys 290 295 300 305 att cgc tta ttc ctc agg cga gat atg agc gta cgc tac ttg atc cct 1367 Ile Arg Leu Phe Leu Arg Arg Asp Met Ser Val Arg Tyr Leu Ile Pro 310 315 320 gac ccg gtg att gag tac atc tat gag aat aac ctc tac atg gac gac 1415 Asp Pro Val Ile Glu Tyr Ile Tyr Glu Asn Asn Leu Tyr Met Asp Asp 325 330 335 ggt acg aca caa ccg acg gcc gac aag ggc aag aca cga gag gag ccc 1463 Gly Thr Thr Gln Pro Thr Ala Asp Lys Gly Lys Thr Arg Glu Glu Pro 340 345 350 gcg cct tca aat tagcattgct caaaaagcca gataaggcca cgcgacgacg 1515 Ala Pro Ser Asn 355 tcatgacgac cattgctggt ttcacgaaga tatcaaaccg ccgggcgaat gcaatctctg 1575 cgctgatctg agcaagcact gattccggta agccgcaagt tgggggagga tttaatgagc 1635 ccaaccgtat gggtttgttc cggtcaagtc actgcgatta acgacacgcc ttatgactgt 1695 catatcgaca ggtccctctc cagagccggc ctacacaaca gtgatgctgg cgttcttcta 1755 ttccaagccc tcaacatcta agtgcagcgg cgaattc 1792 <210> SEQ ID NO 8 <211> LENGTH: 27 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 8 Met Arg Gly Cys Ile Leu Leu Leu Arg Gly Pro Glu Gly Glu Gln Ala 1 5 10 15 Arg Thr Asp Pro Ala Lys Ile Ser Pro Leu Asp 20 25 <210> SEQ ID NO 9 <211> LENGTH: 1792 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 9 gaattcgccg ctgcacttag atgttgaggg cttggaatag aagaacgcca gcatcactgt 60 tgtgtaggcc ggctctggag agggacctgt cgatatgaca gtcataaggc gtgtcgttaa 120 tcgcagtgac ttgaccggaa caaacccata cggttgggct cattaaatcc tcccccaact 180 tgcggcttac cggaatcagt gcttgctcag atcagcgcag agattgcatt cgcccggcgg 240 tttgatatct tcgtgaaacc agcaatggtc gtcatgacgt cgtcgcgtgg ccttatctgg 300 ctttttgagc aatgctaatt tgaaggcgcg ggctcctctc gtgtcttgcc cttgtcggcc 360 gtcggttgtg tcgtaccgtc gtccatgtag aggttattct catagatgta ctcaatcacc 420 gggtcaggga tcaagtagcg tacgctcata tctcgcctga ggaataagcg aatcttagtg 480 ctgctaacgt cattttgaat aagttgttga ataacatgga tattcttttt ccatggctgc 540 aatgccgcga gcgcctcgtc aatatctgtc ccgcttcgct cgacgatgaa agtctagacc 600 agttagcttg cgcgaagttt aggatagata caacataaca taccccgtac tgtccaagaa 660 tatgatcgag atccttctca ctccatactc cgggcgtaga catggtatgg accaaatctg 720 ccccggccaa taagacgact tgcactcgct ttcgagtgcc ttttccggta tcgatacctt 780 tgcggacagt gttgatctcg tagtcaaaat gatccagtac gatggcagtt ggctggtact 840 ccttgtgcat cggctcccat gtatccacca tcatccagtc tgacgtttgg tccacggctc 900 gttggcacat tgcaattcta aagccgccag atcagtcctg gatagtaact atggaagaag 960 tgtgttaaag taactacctg tgattggcac tcgcaagacc tgccttgcgg taggcgtccg 1020 agacgggcga aagataacct ccaattattt cgaaatctgt gctcagtttg acgtaatcgg 1080 cggccatttc gaacatgcgc aggtgcagga acgtaatagg tgagaatgaa ccgcaagcta 1140 taagcaatag cggcgtcttt tccgggtcat ccatcacacg cttcaggcga tattcaggga 1200 agacgtaatc ctcaacgggg gtcgccgggg cggggggcat tcgctggcca tcgttgccct 1260 gttcttgagt ggattcggtc atgatcgcgg agatgtgcag cgtgtctgcg cgtagtaact 1320 gtaaatcaga gcaagagact gaatatttca gtcgagagcg gcatgaagat gaagaaggga 1380 agatgacagt agcccgaacc aagggcggcg acaaaaggct ggctggctgg atgcgggcaa 1440 gaatggaagg gttagtcagc cgtgtggggg ggagagcgaa gactcgagag gggaaatttt 1500 cgccggatca gtgcgggcct gttccccttc tggccctcgg agaaggagaa tacatcccct 1560 cattccttca ggaccgtacc gttattctcc gtatgcgagg ttgacctatt gccttgggag 1620 ccaaccgtac gaaaatactt tccgtctata ggcactggac cacgtactat atttcttcag 1680 ccgtatcaga agacctattg cggacgcaaa atagaaatca cgtggatcgc tacaaaattt 1740 aatgtactga catcggagca tactccgagg ttctgctcca tcacaggaat tc 1792 <210> SEQ ID NO 10 <211> LENGTH: 1899 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (453)...(627) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (686)...(890) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (949)...(1157) <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1212)...(1288) <400> SEQUENCE: 10 ttgccttctt agacttgata tctgaaggaa tataacggaa gagatcatct ggtttgatgg 60 tactgtatta gcgggagcac gtgattattt ccctccgata ggccagtggc gtatgtcata 120 aggaagactg acgcctggag gggaaaacac ctccctcgcc cgagttccat cttatcactt 180 tcacgctcga tctctccaag tttctggctt cattgactga gtcgctcgcc ttgcctagtg 240 ggtagattta gatctagtcg caaatcactt gcctacattc tcgaacctgt ttgttcagcc 300 ttgcggttcc cctcactact tatctcttct taccttctac cgtttcgaaa acacttcctc 360 ctgcggcgag actagtatct atcgcctgtc gcccactttc accaccgtgt ttcactagga 420 gaatagtgaa agactcaagt cgtctaccaa aa atg tgg tca tgg ttc cgg tgg 473 Met Trp Ser Trp Phe Arg Trp 1 5 tgc ggc cgc gca gaa gcg caa gga agc gcc gaa aac gca atc ctc cag 521 Cys Gly Arg Ala Glu Ala Gln Gly Ser Ala Glu Asn Ala Ile Leu Gln 10 15 20 ctt cga agc cac ctt gac atg cta cag aag cga gaa aag cac cta gaa 569 Leu Arg Ser His Leu Asp Met Leu Gln Lys Arg Glu Lys His Leu Glu 25 30 35 aac caa atg aac gaa caa gag gcc atc gct aaa aag aac gtg acc acg 617 Asn Gln Met Asn Glu Gln Glu Ala Ile Ala Lys Lys Asn Val Thr Thr 40 45 50 55 aat aag aac g gtgtgtatat tatgggacct ttatacaagt tcccatgctg 667 Asn Lys Asn atttgaccac caccgcag cc gcc aaa gcc gcg ctc cga cgg aaa aag gtg 717 Ala Ala Lys Ala Ala Leu Arg Arg Lys Lys Val 60 65 cac gag aag aac tta gaa cag acg cag gct cag att gta cag ctt gag 765 His Glu Lys Asn Leu Glu Gln Thr Gln Ala Gln Ile Val Gln Leu Glu 70 75 80 85 cag cag ata tac tct att gaa gcc gcc aat att aac cac gag acc ctg 813 Gln Gln Ile Tyr Ser Ile Glu Ala Ala Asn Ile Asn His Glu Thr Leu 90 95 100 gcc gcc atg aag gcc gcc ggt gca gct atg gag aag att cac aac ggc 861 Ala Ala Met Lys Ala Ala Gly Ala Ala Met Glu Lys Ile His Asn Gly 105 110 115 atg acc gtc gaa cag gtc gac gag aca at gtacgtccct tactgtaccg 910 Met Thr Val Glu Gln Val Asp Glu Thr Met 120 125 ctggtgacat accggaattg gcatgctaac agactcag g gac aaa ctg cgg gaa 964 Asp Lys Leu Arg Glu 130 caa caa gcc atc aac gac gaa atc gcg att gcc atc aca aac ccg ggg 1012 Gln Gln Ala Ile Asn Asp Glu Ile Ala Ile Ala Ile Thr Asn Pro Gly 135 140 145 ttc ggc gag cag gtg gac gaa gaa gat ctg gag gcg gaa ctc gag ggc 1060 Phe Gly Glu Gln Val Asp Glu Glu Asp Leu Glu Ala Glu Leu Glu Gly 150 155 160 atg gag cag gag gct atg gac gag cgc atg ctc cac aca ggc aca gta 1108 Met Glu Gln Glu Ala Met Asp Glu Arg Met Leu His Thr Gly Thr Val 165 170 175 180 cca gtt gca gat cag ctc aat cgg cta cct gcg cca gcg aat gca gaa 1156 Pro Val Ala Asp Gln Leu Asn Arg Leu Pro Ala Pro Ala Asn Ala Glu 185 190 195 c gtaaggctct ccctttccca cctcaaaagc gaactccgac tgacagcctt 1207 ccag cc gcc aaa gcg aaa cag aaa gca gaa gaa gaa gac gag gaa gcc 1255 Pro Ala Lys Ala Lys Gln Lys Ala Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Ala 200 205 210 gag ttg gag aag tta cgc gcg gaa atg gcc atg tgagagtggt cctggtgctt 1308 Glu Leu Glu Lys Leu Arg Ala Glu Met Ala Met 215 220 tggtctcttt ggtctaactt taatcttttt tcttccccct acacatatga tgaacaggga 1368 atcgttatca tgacgcacta cgattagcca agcactgtgt tctttttccg tcggctcgtt 1428 gcgattcctt cttctccgcg gcgtaattac ttatctagtt gtaccaacta ccccgcgagg 1488 cttctgttga ggcgagagcg aaagcccaga cgtgtcgccc ttgccctgat tactggccac 1548 tcccgtccga gcacgctacc tccgttctgt ccacgctgtg tatcccactc tgtaataatc 1608 taccaagtga atacttttct ggatgatttg aagggcctat gtttcctacg ccatcatgtc 1668 attagatatg ttttgtggat catgtttccc cagcgcaatt gatgcccatt tgcagttcac 1728 actcgtgtca tatgaacctc agaatatgaa agccgcttct caacccagca aaacgtcact 1788 gaggattaaa attgagtaat tgagtaaaac taaattagta gctagataac tcccgtttcc 1848 caccagacct aacaccgtcc aaacagataa tcaacaagga aaagaaagaa a 1899 <210> SEQ ID NO 11 <211> LENGTH: 59 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 11 Met Trp Ser Trp Phe Arg Trp Cys Gly Arg Ala Glu Ala Gln Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ala Glu Asn Ala Ile Leu Gln Leu Arg Ser His Leu Asp Met Leu Gln 20 25 30 Lys Arg Glu Lys His Leu Glu Asn Gln Met Asn Glu Gln Glu Ala Ile 35 40 45 Ala Lys Lys Asn Val Thr Thr Asn Lys Asn Ala 50 55 <210> SEQ ID NO 12 <211> LENGTH: 1899 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 12 tttctttctt ttccttgttg attatctgtt tggacggtgt taggtctggt gggaaacggg 60 agttatctag ctactaattt agttttactc aattactcaa ttttaatcct cagtgacgtt 120 ttgctgggtt gagaagcggc tttcatattc tgaggttcat atgacacgag tgtgaactgc 180 aaatgggcat caattgcgct ggggaaacat gatccacaaa acatatctaa tgacatgatg 240 gcgtaggaaa cataggccct tcaaatcatc cagaaaagta ttcacttggt agattattac 300 agagtgggat acacagcgtg gacagaacgg aggtagcgtg ctcggacggg agtggccagt 360 aatcagggca agggcgacac gtctgggctt tcgctctcgc ctcaacagaa gcctcgcggg 420 gtagttggta caactagata agtaattacg ccgcggagaa gaaggaatcg caacgagccg 480 acggaaaaag aacacagtgc ttggctaatc gtagtgcgtc atgataacga ttccctgttc 540 atcatatgtg tagggggaag aaaaaagatt aaagttagac caaagagacc aaagcaccag 600 gaccactctc acatggccat ttccgcgcgt aacttctcca actcggcttc ctcgtcttct 660 tcttctgctt tctgtttcgc tttggcggct ggaaggctgt cagtcggagt tcgcttttga 720 ggtgggaaag ggagagcctt acgttctgca ttcgctggcg caggtagccg attgagctga 780 tctgcaactg gtactgtgcc tgtgtggagc atgcgctcgt ccatagcctc ctgctccatg 840 ccctcgagtt ccgcctccag atcttcttcg tccacctgct cgccgaaccc cgggtttgtg 900 atggcaatcg cgatttcgtc gttgatggct tgttgttccc gcagtttgtc cctgagtctg 960 ttagcatgcc aattccggta tgtcaccagc ggtacagtaa gggacgtaca ttgtctcgtc 1020 gacctgttcg acggtcatgc cgttgtgaat cttctccata gctgcaccgg cggccttcat 1080 ggcggccagg gtctcgtggt taatattggc ggcttcaata gagtatatct gctgctcaag 1140 ctgtacaatc tgagcctgcg tctgttctaa gttcttctcg tgcacctttt tccgtcggag 1200 cgcggctttg gcggctgcgg tggtggtcaa atcagcatgg gaacttgtat aaaggtccca 1260 taatatacac accgttctta ttcgtggtca cgttcttttt agcgatggcc tcttgttcgt 1320 tcatttggtt ttctaggtgc ttttctcgct tctgtagcat gtcaaggtgg cttcgaagct 1380 ggaggattgc gttttcggcg cttccttgcg cttctgcgcg gccgcaccac cggaaccatg 1440 accacatttt tggtagacga cttgagtctt tcactattct cctagtgaaa cacggtggtg 1500 aaagtgggcg acaggcgata gatactagtc tcgccgcagg aggaagtgtt ttcgaaacgg 1560 tagaaggtaa gaagagataa gtagtgaggg gaaccgcaag gctgaacaaa caggttcgag 1620 aatgtaggca agtgatttgc gactagatct aaatctaccc actaggcaag gcgagcgact 1680 cagtcaatga agccagaaac ttggagagat cgagcgtgaa agtgataaga tggaactcgg 1740 gcgagggagg tgttttcccc tccaggcgtc agtcttcctt atgacatacg ccactggcct 1800 atcggaggga aataatcacg tgctcccgct aatacagtac catcaaacca gatgatctct 1860 tccgttatat tccttcagat atcaagtcta agaaggcaa 1899 <210> SEQ ID NO 13 <211> LENGTH: 3800 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (306)...(3458) <400> SEQUENCE: 13 tttttcttgt cagtctgaaa atttttcatt tggttttttg aaaaaaatcc tgcctaatat 60 ggtatcaaga ggaataacaa gaaaaaaaaa tcatggggga tacaaaggaa aacaaggaga 120 taatgcaggt tatactgaat tgctcatagt attagcctaa agcactttac ctctgattta 180 ttgcatctat cgtattcttg agttattgcg acttttaaaa tccgtgcacc gcatatgaaa 240 gggtagagcc ttcgtgtttg tttacctttt tagctctttg aagatcaaac aaaaacactt 300 cagta atg cct aca gcc ttg gat aag aca aag aag tta aca gcc gcg ccc 350 Met Pro Thr Ala Leu Asp Lys Thr Lys Lys Leu Thr Ala Ala Pro 1 5 10 15 atc atg caa gat cct gat ggt att gac att aat acg aaa atc ttt aac 398 Ile Met Gln Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Asp Ile Asn Thr Lys Ile Phe Asn 20 25 30 tca gtt gct gaa gta ttt caa aag gca cag ggt tct tat gca gga cac 446 Ser Val Ala Glu Val Phe Gln Lys Ala Gln Gly Ser Tyr Ala Gly His 35 40 45 agg aag cat ata gca gtt ttg aag aaa att cag tca aag gct gtt gag 494 Arg Lys His Ile Ala Val Leu Lys Lys Ile Gln Ser Lys Ala Val Glu 50 55 60 caa ggc tat gaa gat gct ttt aac ttt tgg ttc gat aaa tta gtt act 542 Gln Gly Tyr Glu Asp Ala Phe Asn Phe Trp Phe Asp Lys Leu Val Thr 65 70 75 aag atc ctt cct ctg aaa aag aat gag att atc gga gac agg ata gta 590 Lys Ile Leu Pro Leu Lys Lys Asn Glu Ile Ile Gly Asp Arg Ile Val 80 85 90 95 aag tta gta gct gca ttt ata gct tct tta gaa agg gag ttg ata ttg 638 Lys Leu Val Ala Ala Phe Ile Ala Ser Leu Glu Arg Glu Leu Ile Leu 100 105 110 gcc aaa aaa caa aac tat aag ctc acg aat gat gaa gaa ggg ata ttc 686 Ala Lys Lys Gln Asn Tyr Lys Leu Thr Asn Asp Glu Glu Gly Ile Phe 115 120 125 tca agg ttc gtc gat cag ttc ata aga cat gtt ttg cgt ggt gtg gaa 734 Ser Arg Phe Val Asp Gln Phe Ile Arg His Val Leu Arg Gly Val Glu 130 135 140 agc cct gac aag aac gtc aga ttt aga gtt tta cag tta tta gcc gtt 782 Ser Pro Asp Lys Asn Val Arg Phe Arg Val Leu Gln Leu Leu Ala Val 145 150 155 ata atg gat aat ata ggg gaa atc gat gaa tca ctt ttc aat tta tta 830 Ile Met Asp Asn Ile Gly Glu Ile Asp Glu Ser Leu Phe Asn Leu Leu 160 165 170 175 ata ttg tct tta aat aag agg att tat gat aga gaa cca acg gtt agg 878 Ile Leu Ser Leu Asn Lys Arg Ile Tyr Asp Arg Glu Pro Thr Val Arg 180 185 190 ata cag gct gtg ttt tgt tta act aaa ttt cag gat gaa gag caa act 926 Ile Gln Ala Val Phe Cys Leu Thr Lys Phe Gln Asp Glu Glu Gln Thr 195 200 205 gaa cat tta act gag ctt tct gat aat gaa gaa aat ttt gaa gct acg 974 Glu His Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Glu Glu Asn Phe Glu Ala Thr 210 215 220 aga act cta gtt gct tct atc cag aac gat ccg tca gct gaa gta cgg 1022 Arg Thr Leu Val Ala Ser Ile Gln Asn Asp Pro Ser Ala Glu Val Arg 225 230 235 agg gct gca atg ctg aat ttg atc aat gat aat aat act aga ccg tat 1070 Arg Ala Ala Met Leu Asn Leu Ile Asn Asp Asn Asn Thr Arg Pro Tyr 240 245 250 255 atc ttg gag agg gct aga gat gta aac atc gtt aat aga agg ctc gtg 1118 Ile Leu Glu Arg Ala Arg Asp Val Asn Ile Val Asn Arg Arg Leu Val 260 265 270 tat tcg aga att ttg aaa tca atg gga aga aag tgt ttc gat gat att 1166 Tyr Ser Arg Ile Leu Lys Ser Met Gly Arg Lys Cys Phe Asp Asp Ile 275 280 285 gag ccg cat att ttt gat caa ttg att gag tgg ggt tta gaa gat agg 1214 Glu Pro His Ile Phe Asp Gln Leu Ile Glu Trp Gly Leu Glu Asp Arg 290 295 300 gaa tta tca gtg aga aat gcg tgt aag aga ctc att gct cat gat tgg 1262 Glu Leu Ser Val Arg Asn Ala Cys Lys Arg Leu Ile Ala His Asp Trp 305 310 315 tta aat gct ctg gat ggc gat ttg ata gaa tta cta gaa aaa ttg gat 1310 Leu Asn Ala Leu Asp Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Asp 320 325 330 335 gtc tca aga tcc tca gtg tgt gtt aag gct ata gaa gca ctt ttt caa 1358 Val Ser Arg Ser Ser Val Cys Val Lys Ala Ile Glu Ala Leu Phe Gln 340 345 350 tca agg cca gat ata tta tct aaa atc aaa ttt cct gaa agt att tgg 1406 Ser Arg Pro Asp Ile Leu Ser Lys Ile Lys Phe Pro Glu Ser Ile Trp 355 360 365 aaa gac ttt acc gta gaa att gcc ttc ctc ttt cgg gct att tat ttg 1454 Lys Asp Phe Thr Val Glu Ile Ala Phe Leu Phe Arg Ala Ile Tyr Leu 370 375 380 tac tgt ttg gat aat aat ata aca gaa atg ctg gaa gaa aac ttt cca 1502 Tyr Cys Leu Asp Asn Asn Ile Thr Glu Met Leu Glu Glu Asn Phe Pro 385 390 395 gaa gcc tca aaa tta tcc gag cat tta aac cat tat att ctt ctc aga 1550 Glu Ala Ser Lys Leu Ser Glu His Leu Asn His Tyr Ile Leu Leu Arg 400 405 410 415 tat cat cac aac gac att tct aat gac tct cag tcg cat ttt gat tat 1598 Tyr His His Asn Asp Ile Ser Asn Asp Ser Gln Ser His Phe Asp Tyr 420 425 430 aac act tta gag ttt att att gag caa cta tcg att gcc gcc gaa agg 1646 Asn Thr Leu Glu Phe Ile Ile Glu Gln Leu Ser Ile Ala Ala Glu Arg 435 440 445 tat gat tat agc gat gag gtt gga agg aga tcg atg ctt aca gtg gta 1694 Tyr Asp Tyr Ser Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Ser Met Leu Thr Val Val 450 455 460 cga aat atg ctg gcc tta act aca ctc tcc gaa cct ctt att aaa att 1742 Arg Asn Met Leu Ala Leu Thr Thr Leu Ser Glu Pro Leu Ile Lys Ile 465 470 475 ggt att cgt gta atg aaa agt ctg tcc ata aat gaa aaa gat ttt gta 1790 Gly Ile Arg Val Met Lys Ser Leu Ser Ile Asn Glu Lys Asp Phe Val 480 485 490 495 aca atg gca ata gaa atc att aat gat att aga gac gac gat att gaa 1838 Thr Met Ala Ile Glu Ile Ile Asn Asp Ile Arg Asp Asp Asp Ile Glu 500 505 510 aaa caa gaa caa gaa gag aaa ata aaa agc aag aag att aat cgc aga 1886 Lys Gln Glu Gln Glu Glu Lys Ile Lys Ser Lys Lys Ile Asn Arg Arg 515 520 525 aat gag act tcc gtc gat gaa gag gac gaa aac ggc aca cat aat gac 1934 Asn Glu Thr Ser Val Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Asn Gly Thr His Asn Asp 530 535 540 gaa gtt aac gag gat gaa gaa gac gac aat att tca tcc ttc cat tct 1982 Glu Val Asn Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Asp Asn Ile Ser Ser Phe His Ser 545 550 555 gct gta gaa aac tta gtg cag gga aac ggc aac gta tct gag agt gac 2030 Ala Val Glu Asn Leu Val Gln Gly Asn Gly Asn Val Ser Glu Ser Asp 560 565 570 575 ata ata aat aat ctc cca ccc gaa aag gaa gcg tcc tca gca aca att 2078 Ile Ile Asn Asn Leu Pro Pro Glu Lys Glu Ala Ser Ser Ala Thr Ile 580 585 590 gtt ctc tgt ctt aca agg tca tca tat atg cta gaa cta gtt aac aca 2126 Val Leu Cys Leu Thr Arg Ser Ser Tyr Met Leu Glu Leu Val Asn Thr 595 600 605 ccg tta aca gaa aac att tta att gcg tcg ttg atg gac act ttg atc 2174 Pro Leu Thr Glu Asn Ile Leu Ile Ala Ser Leu Met Asp Thr Leu Ile 610 615 620 aca cca gcg gtt aga aat acc gcg cca aat att agg gag ctt ggt gtc 2222 Thr Pro Ala Val Arg Asn Thr Ala Pro Asn Ile Arg Glu Leu Gly Val 625 630 635 aag aac ctt ggt tta tgt tgt ctc ttg gat gtg aag ttg gct att gat 2270 Lys Asn Leu Gly Leu Cys Cys Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Leu Ala Ile Asp 640 645 650 655 aac atg tac atc tta ggt atg tgc gtt tcg aaa ggt aat gca tca tta 2318 Asn Met Tyr Ile Leu Gly Met Cys Val Ser Lys Gly Asn Ala Ser Leu 660 665 670 aag tat att gcg tta caa gtc att gta gat att ttt tcc gta cat ggg 2366 Lys Tyr Ile Ala Leu Gln Val Ile Val Asp Ile Phe Ser Val His Gly 675 680 685 aac act gtg gta gac gga gaa ggc aaa gtt gac tca atc tcg ttg cac 2414 Asn Thr Val Val Asp Gly Glu Gly Lys Val Asp Ser Ile Ser Leu His 690 695 700 aaa ata ttt tac aag gtt tta aag aat aac ggt tta ccg gaa tgt cag 2462 Lys Ile Phe Tyr Lys Val Leu Lys Asn Asn Gly Leu Pro Glu Cys Gln 705 710 715 gtg ata gca gcg gag ggt tta tgc aaa cta ttt ttg gca gac gtg ttc 2510 Val Ile Ala Ala Glu Gly Leu Cys Lys Leu Phe Leu Ala Asp Val Phe 720 725 730 735 act gat gat gat ttg ttt gaa acg ttg gtt ttg tca tat ttt tcg ccg 2558 Thr Asp Asp Asp Leu Phe Glu Thr Leu Val Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ser Pro 740 745 750 ata aat tcc tca aac gaa gcg ctg gta cag gca ttt gcc ttc tgc att 2606 Ile Asn Ser Ser Asn Glu Ala Leu Val Gln Ala Phe Ala Phe Cys Ile 755 760 765 cca gtc tat tgt ttt tca cat cct gct cat caa caa cgt atg tct agg 2654 Pro Val Tyr Cys Phe Ser His Pro Ala His Gln Gln Arg Met Ser Arg 770 775 780 acg gct gcg gac ata ctc tta aga cta tgt gtt ctt tgg gac gat tta 2702 Thr Ala Ala Asp Ile Leu Leu Arg Leu Cys Val Leu Trp Asp Asp Leu 785 790 795 cag agc tct gta ata cct gag gta gac cgt gaa gct atg cta aag cct 2750 Gln Ser Ser Val Ile Pro Glu Val Asp Arg Glu Ala Met Leu Lys Pro 800 805 810 815 aac ata ata ttt caa cag ttg cta ttt tgg act gat cca cgt aac tta 2798 Asn Ile Ile Phe Gln Gln Leu Leu Phe Trp Thr Asp Pro Arg Asn Leu 820 825 830 gtt aac cag aca ggt tca aca aaa aaa gat aca gtg cag ctt aca ttc 2846 Val Asn Gln Thr Gly Ser Thr Lys Lys Asp Thr Val Gln Leu Thr Phe 835 840 845 ttg atc gat gtg ctc aaa ata tac gct caa att gag aag aaa gaa ata 2894 Leu Ile Asp Val Leu Lys Ile Tyr Ala Gln Ile Glu Lys Lys Glu Ile 850 855 860 aag aag atg atc atc act aat ata aac gct ata ttt ctt tct tct gaa 2942 Lys Lys Met Ile Ile Thr Asn Ile Asn Ala Ile Phe Leu Ser Ser Glu 865 870 875 caa gat tat tct act ttg aaa gaa ctt ctt gag tat tct gac gat att 2990 Gln Asp Tyr Ser Thr Leu Lys Glu Leu Leu Glu Tyr Ser Asp Asp Ile 880 885 890 895 gca gaa aat gat aat tta gac aat gtt agc aaa aat gct ctg gac aag 3038 Ala Glu Asn Asp Asn Leu Asp Asn Val Ser Lys Asn Ala Leu Asp Lys 900 905 910 cta agg aat aat ttg aat tcg ctg att gaa gag atc aat gaa agg tca 3086 Leu Arg Asn Asn Leu Asn Ser Leu Ile Glu Glu Ile Asn Glu Arg Ser 915 920 925 gaa act cag aca aaa gat gag aac aac act gcg aat gac caa tac tcg 3134 Glu Thr Gln Thr Lys Asp Glu Asn Asn Thr Ala Asn Asp Gln Tyr Ser 930 935 940 tct att ttg ggg aat tca ttc aat aaa tct tca aat gac acc ata gaa 3182 Ser Ile Leu Gly Asn Ser Phe Asn Lys Ser Ser Asn Asp Thr Ile Glu 945 950 955 cac gct gct gat ata act gat gga aat aac aca gaa ttg act aaa aca 3230 His Ala Ala Asp Ile Thr Asp Gly Asn Asn Thr Glu Leu Thr Lys Thr 960 965 970 975 act gtt aat att tcg gca gtt gac aat aca aca gag caa agt aac tca 3278 Thr Val Asn Ile Ser Ala Val Asp Asn Thr Thr Glu Gln Ser Asn Ser 980 985 990 agg aaa aga acg aga tca gaa gcg gag caa att gac aca tcc aaa aac 3326 Arg Lys Arg Thr Arg Ser Glu Ala Glu Gln Ile Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn 995 1000 1005 ctg gaa aac atg agt att caa gac acg tca act gta gca aaa aat gta 3374 Leu Glu Asn Met Ser Ile Gln Asp Thr Ser Thr Val Ala Lys Asn Val 1010 1015 1020 agt ttt gtt tta cct gac gag aaa tca gat gca atg tcc ata gat gaa 3422 Ser Phe Val Leu Pro Asp Glu Lys Ser Asp Ala Met Ser Ile Asp Glu 1025 1030 1035 gaa gat aag gat tca gag tct ttc agc gag gtc tgt taaaattgat 3468 Glu Asp Lys Asp Ser Glu Ser Phe Ser Glu Val Cys 1040 1045 1050 atgcgagctc ttcatctatt taagttgatt ttttggttgt aaacatattt gtattttatt 3528 cttaggtttg ttaattcttc tacgcttacc agatatagat gctatatgtt attgcattac 3588 gcacattacc cggtgggaca aattatggaa atattccaag gctataaatt ctttggtgaa 3648 aggaactgaa attatgtcca gtaatgcacc agaaatggac atataaaact attaatgcat 3708 tttattacaa ttatcctaag aaaatatcct atatataatt aaagtaaaag aaataagatc 3768 aaaagaacaa aataaagtcg agtagaattt tc 3800 <210> SEQ ID NO 14 <211> LENGTH: 1051 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 14 Met Pro Thr Ala Leu Asp Lys Thr Lys Lys Leu Thr Ala Ala Pro Ile 1 5 10 15 Met Gln Asp Pro Asp Gly Ile Asp Ile Asn Thr Lys Ile Phe Asn Ser 20 25 30 Val Ala Glu Val Phe Gln Lys Ala Gln Gly Ser Tyr Ala Gly His Arg 35 40 45 Lys His Ile Ala Val Leu Lys Lys Ile Gln Ser Lys Ala Val Glu Gln 50 55 60 Gly Tyr Glu Asp Ala Phe Asn Phe Trp Phe Asp Lys Leu Val Thr Lys 65 70 75 80 Ile Leu Pro Leu Lys Lys Asn Glu Ile Ile Gly Asp Arg Ile Val Lys 85 90 95 Leu Val Ala Ala Phe Ile Ala Ser Leu Glu Arg Glu Leu Ile Leu Ala 100 105 110 Lys Lys Gln Asn Tyr Lys Leu Thr Asn Asp Glu Glu Gly Ile Phe Ser 115 120 125 Arg Phe Val Asp Gln Phe Ile Arg His Val Leu Arg Gly Val Glu Ser 130 135 140 Pro Asp Lys Asn Val Arg Phe Arg Val Leu Gln Leu Leu Ala Val Ile 145 150 155 160 Met Asp Asn Ile Gly Glu Ile Asp Glu Ser Leu Phe Asn Leu Leu Ile 165 170 175 Leu Ser Leu Asn Lys Arg Ile Tyr Asp Arg Glu Pro Thr Val Arg Ile 180 185 190 Gln Ala Val Phe Cys Leu Thr Lys Phe Gln Asp Glu Glu Gln Thr Glu 195 200 205 His Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Asp Asn Glu Glu Asn Phe Glu Ala Thr Arg 210 215 220 Thr Leu Val Ala Ser Ile Gln Asn Asp Pro Ser Ala Glu Val Arg Arg 225 230 235 240 Ala Ala Met Leu Asn Leu Ile Asn Asp Asn Asn Thr Arg Pro Tyr Ile 245 250 255 Leu Glu Arg Ala Arg Asp Val Asn Ile Val Asn Arg Arg Leu Val Tyr 260 265 270 Ser Arg Ile Leu Lys Ser Met Gly Arg Lys Cys Phe Asp Asp Ile Glu 275 280 285 Pro His Ile Phe Asp Gln Leu Ile Glu Trp Gly Leu Glu Asp Arg Glu 290 295 300 Leu Ser Val Arg Asn Ala Cys Lys Arg Leu Ile Ala His Asp Trp Leu 305 310 315 320 Asn Ala Leu Asp Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu Leu Leu Glu Lys Leu Asp Val 325 330 335 Ser Arg Ser Ser Val Cys Val Lys Ala Ile Glu Ala Leu Phe Gln Ser 340 345 350 Arg Pro Asp Ile Leu Ser Lys Ile Lys Phe Pro Glu Ser Ile Trp Lys 355 360 365 Asp Phe Thr Val Glu Ile Ala Phe Leu Phe Arg Ala Ile Tyr Leu Tyr 370 375 380 Cys Leu Asp Asn Asn Ile Thr Glu Met Leu Glu Glu Asn Phe Pro Glu 385 390 395 400 Ala Ser Lys Leu Ser Glu His Leu Asn His Tyr Ile Leu Leu Arg Tyr 405 410 415 His His Asn Asp Ile Ser Asn Asp Ser Gln Ser His Phe Asp Tyr Asn 420 425 430 Thr Leu Glu Phe Ile Ile Glu Gln Leu Ser Ile Ala Ala Glu Arg Tyr 435 440 445 Asp Tyr Ser Asp Glu Val Gly Arg Arg Ser Met Leu Thr Val Val Arg 450 455 460 Asn Met Leu Ala Leu Thr Thr Leu Ser Glu Pro Leu Ile Lys Ile Gly 465 470 475 480 Ile Arg Val Met Lys Ser Leu Ser Ile Asn Glu Lys Asp Phe Val Thr 485 490 495 Met Ala Ile Glu Ile Ile Asn Asp Ile Arg Asp Asp Asp Ile Glu Lys 500 505 510 Gln Glu Gln Glu Glu Lys Ile Lys Ser Lys Lys Ile Asn Arg Arg Asn 515 520 525 Glu Thr Ser Val Asp Glu Glu Asp Glu Asn Gly Thr His Asn Asp Glu 530 535 540 Val Asn Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Asp Asn Ile Ser Ser Phe His Ser Ala 545 550 555 560 Val Glu Asn Leu Val Gln Gly Asn Gly Asn Val Ser Glu Ser Asp Ile 565 570 575 Ile Asn Asn Leu Pro Pro Glu Lys Glu Ala Ser Ser Ala Thr Ile Val 580 585 590 Leu Cys Leu Thr Arg Ser Ser Tyr Met Leu Glu Leu Val Asn Thr Pro 595 600 605 Leu Thr Glu Asn Ile Leu Ile Ala Ser Leu Met Asp Thr Leu Ile Thr 610 615 620 Pro Ala Val Arg Asn Thr Ala Pro Asn Ile Arg Glu Leu Gly Val Lys 625 630 635 640 Asn Leu Gly Leu Cys Cys Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Leu Ala Ile Asp Asn 645 650 655 Met Tyr Ile Leu Gly Met Cys Val Ser Lys Gly Asn Ala Ser Leu Lys 660 665 670 Tyr Ile Ala Leu Gln Val Ile Val Asp Ile Phe Ser Val His Gly Asn 675 680 685 Thr Val Val Asp Gly Glu Gly Lys Val Asp Ser Ile Ser Leu His Lys 690 695 700 Ile Phe Tyr Lys Val Leu Lys Asn Asn Gly Leu Pro Glu Cys Gln Val 705 710 715 720 Ile Ala Ala Glu Gly Leu Cys Lys Leu Phe Leu Ala Asp Val Phe Thr 725 730 735 Asp Asp Asp Leu Phe Glu Thr Leu Val Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ser Pro Ile 740 745 750 Asn Ser Ser Asn Glu Ala Leu Val Gln Ala Phe Ala Phe Cys Ile Pro 755 760 765 Val Tyr Cys Phe Ser His Pro Ala His Gln Gln Arg Met Ser Arg Thr 770 775 780 Ala Ala Asp Ile Leu Leu Arg Leu Cys Val Leu Trp Asp Asp Leu Gln 785 790 795 800 Ser Ser Val Ile Pro Glu Val Asp Arg Glu Ala Met Leu Lys Pro Asn 805 810 815 Ile Ile Phe Gln Gln Leu Leu Phe Trp Thr Asp Pro Arg Asn Leu Val 820 825 830 Asn Gln Thr Gly Ser Thr Lys Lys Asp Thr Val Gln Leu Thr Phe Leu 835 840 845 Ile Asp Val Leu Lys Ile Tyr Ala Gln Ile Glu Lys Lys Glu Ile Lys 850 855 860 Lys Met Ile Ile Thr Asn Ile Asn Ala Ile Phe Leu Ser Ser Glu Gln 865 870 875 880 Asp Tyr Ser Thr Leu Lys Glu Leu Leu Glu Tyr Ser Asp Asp Ile Ala 885 890 895 Glu Asn Asp Asn Leu Asp Asn Val Ser Lys Asn Ala Leu Asp Lys Leu 900 905 910 Arg Asn Asn Leu Asn Ser Leu Ile Glu Glu Ile Asn Glu Arg Ser Glu 915 920 925 Thr Gln Thr Lys Asp Glu Asn Asn Thr Ala Asn Asp Gln Tyr Ser Ser 930 935 940 Ile Leu Gly Asn Ser Phe Asn Lys Ser Ser Asn Asp Thr Ile Glu His 945 950 955 960 Ala Ala Asp Ile Thr Asp Gly Asn Asn Thr Glu Leu Thr Lys Thr Thr 965 970 975 Val Asn Ile Ser Ala Val Asp Asn Thr Thr Glu Gln Ser Asn Ser Arg 980 985 990 Lys Arg Thr Arg Ser Glu Ala Glu Gln Ile Asp Thr Ser Lys Asn Leu 995 1000 1005 Glu Asn Met Ser Ile Gln Asp Thr Ser Thr Val Ala Lys Asn Val Ser 1010 1015 1020 Phe Val Leu Pro Asp Glu Lys Ser Asp Ala Met Ser Ile Asp Glu Glu 1025 1030 1035 1040 Asp Lys Asp Ser Glu Ser Phe Ser Glu Val Cys 1045 1050 <210> SEQ ID NO 15 <211> LENGTH: 3800 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 15 gaaaattcta ctcgacttta ttttgttctt ttgatcttat ttcttttact ttaattatat 60 ataggatatt ttcttaggat aattgtaata aaatgcatta atagttttat atgtccattt 120 ctggtgcatt actggacata atttcagttc ctttcaccaa agaatttata gccttggaat 180 atttccataa tttgtcccac cgggtaatgt gcgtaatgca ataacatata gcatctatat 240 ctggtaagcg tagaagaatt aacaaaccta agaataaaat acaaatatgt ttacaaccaa 300 aaaatcaact taaatagatg aagagctcgc atatcaattt taacagacct cgctgaaaga 360 ctctgaatcc ttatcttctt catctatgga cattgcatct gatttctcgt caggtaaaac 420 aaaacttaca ttttttgcta cagttgacgt gtcttgaata ctcatgtttt ccaggttttt 480 ggatgtgtca atttgctccg cttctgatct cgttcttttc cttgagttac tttgctctgt 540 tgtattgtca actgccgaaa tattaacagt tgttttagtc aattctgtgt tatttccatc 600 agttatatca gcagcgtgtt ctatggtgtc atttgaagat ttattgaatg aattccccaa 660 aatagacgag tattggtcat tcgcagtgtt gttctcatct tttgtctgag tttctgacct 720 ttcattgatc tcttcaatca gcgaattcaa attattcctt agcttgtcca gagcattttt 780 gctaacattg tctaaattat cattttctgc aatatcgtca gaatactcaa gaagttcttt 840 caaagtagaa taatcttgtt cagaagaaag aaatatagcg tttatattag tgatgatcat 900 cttctttatt tctttcttct caatttgagc gtatattttg agcacatcga tcaagaatgt 960 aagctgcact gtatcttttt ttgttgaacc tgtctggtta actaagttac gtggatcagt 1020 ccaaaatagc aactgttgaa atattatgtt aggctttagc atagcttcac ggtctacctc 1080 aggtattaca gagctctgta aatcgtccca aagaacacat agtcttaaga gtatgtccgc 1140 agccgtccta gacatacgtt gttgatgagc aggatgtgaa aaacaataga ctggaatgca 1200 gaaggcaaat gcctgtacca gcgcttcgtt tgaggaattt atcggcgaaa aatatgacaa 1260 aaccaacgtt tcaaacaaat catcatcagt gaacacgtct gccaaaaata gtttgcataa 1320 accctccgct gctatcacct gacattccgg taaaccgtta ttctttaaaa ccttgtaaaa 1380 tattttgtgc aacgagattg agtcaacttt gccttctccg tctaccacag tgttcccatg 1440 tacggaaaaa atatctacaa tgacttgtaa cgcaatatac tttaatgatg cattaccttt 1500 cgaaacgcac atacctaaga tgtacatgtt atcaatagcc aacttcacat ccaagagaca 1560 acataaacca aggttcttga caccaagctc cctaatattt ggcgcggtat ttctaaccgc 1620 tggtgtgatc aaagtgtcca tcaacgacgc aattaaaatg ttttctgtta acggtgtgtt 1680 aactagttct agcatatatg atgaccttgt aagacagaga acaattgttg ctgaggacgc 1740 ttccttttcg ggtgggagat tatttattat gtcactctca gatacgttgc cgtttccctg 1800 cactaagttt tctacagcag aatggaagga tgaaatattg tcgtcttctt catcctcgtt 1860 aacttcgtca ttatgtgtgc cgttttcgtc ctcttcatcg acggaagtct catttctgcg 1920 attaatcttc ttgcttttta ttttctcttc ttgttcttgt ttttcaatat cgtcgtctct 1980 aatatcatta atgatttcta ttgccattgt tacaaaatct ttttcattta tggacagact 2040 tttcattaca cgaataccaa ttttaataag aggttcggag agtgtagtta aggccagcat 2100 atttcgtacc actgtaagca tcgatctcct tccaacctca tcgctataat catacctttc 2160 ggcggcaatc gatagttgct caataataaa ctctaaagtg ttataatcaa aatgcgactg 2220 agagtcatta gaaatgtcgt tgtgatgata tctgagaaga atataatggt ttaaatgctc 2280 ggataatttt gaggcttctg gaaagttttc ttccagcatt tctgttatat tattatccaa 2340 acagtacaaa taaatagccc gaaagaggaa ggcaatttct acggtaaagt ctttccaaat 2400 actttcagga aatttgattt tagataatat atctggcctt gattgaaaaa gtgcttctat 2460 agccttaaca cacactgagg atcttgagac atccaatttt tctagtaatt ctatcaaatc 2520 gccatccaga gcatttaacc aatcatgagc aatgagtctc ttacacgcat ttctcactga 2580 taattcccta tcttctaaac cccactcaat caattgatca aaaatatgcg gctcaatatc 2640 atcgaaacac tttcttccca ttgatttcaa aattctcgaa tacacgagcc ttctattaac 2700 gatgtttaca tctctagccc tctccaagat atacggtcta gtattattat cattgatcaa 2760 attcagcatt gcagccctcc gtacttcagc tgacggatcg ttctggatag aagcaactag 2820 agttctcgta gcttcaaaat tttcttcatt atcagaaagc tcagttaaat gttcagtttg 2880 ctcttcatcc tgaaatttag ttaaacaaaa cacagcctgt atcctaaccg ttggttctct 2940 atcataaatc ctcttattta aagacaatat taataaattg aaaagtgatt catcgatttc 3000 ccctatatta tccattataa cggctaataa ctgtaaaact ctaaatctga cgttcttgtc 3060 agggctttcc acaccacgca aaacatgtct tatgaactga tcgacgaacc ttgagaatat 3120 cccttcttca tcattcgtga gcttatagtt ttgttttttg gccaatatca actccctttc 3180 taaagaagct ataaatgcag ctactaactt tactatcctg tctccgataa tctcattctt 3240 tttcagagga aggatcttag taactaattt atcgaaccaa aagttaaaag catcttcata 3300 gccttgctca acagcctttg actgaatttt cttcaaaact gctatatgct tcctgtgtcc 3360 tgcataagaa ccctgtgcct tttgaaatac ttcagcaact gagttaaaga ttttcgtatt 3420 aatgtcaata ccatcaggat cttgcatgat gggcgcggct gttaacttct ttgtcttatc 3480 caaggctgta ggcattactg aagtgttttt gtttgatctt caaagagcta aaaaggtaaa 3540 caaacacgaa ggctctaccc tttcatatgc ggtgcacgga ttttaaaagt cgcaataact 3600 caagaatacg atagatgcaa taaatcagag gtaaagtgct ttaggctaat actatgagca 3660 attcagtata acctgcatta tctccttgtt ttcctttgta tcccccatga tttttttttc 3720 ttgttattcc tcttgatacc atattaggca ggattttttt caaaaaacca aatgaaaaat 3780 tttcagactg acaagaaaaa 3800 <210> SEQ ID NO 16 <211> LENGTH: 2156 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (543)...(1727) <400> SEQUENCE: 16 tcttttggtg tcaatggtgt attattccga gttactccag gctaggttca ggagtaccaa 60 gaatgtactt tatttattta tacaccggag caagtcatat aattacgcaa acgattcgaa 120 attgttaaaa gcaggatcaa cgtatctcat ttctttttga aagacgggta atagaaagtc 180 tctgagtcgc accccacatg gatatcgtac tattcgtata tggaatgtaa aatactcgca 240 atacgatttt atttagcttc acaatctctc aaacttatcg tcttgatcaa tctttacgtt 300 ttaccaaata atcgcctgtt tctggccatt ttttgcttat accatctacc atactcgctg 360 tccatatgtg acggtgtcgt ctccaagaaa aataacaatg taaattgacc cagcgtgacg 420 acagtagact gtaagttata gtacaatcat actctacctt agtcactgtt cctccactgt 480 taagtagaga gagagagaga gtttaaagtg gagaaggcaa gaaaaagtgc acttattacg 540 ta atg gat ccc acc aaa gca ccc gat ttt aaa ccg cca cag cca aat 587 Met Asp Pro Thr Lys Ala Pro Asp Phe Lys Pro Pro Gln Pro Asn 1 5 10 15 gaa gaa cta caa cca ccg cca gat cca aca cat acg ata cca aaa tct 635 Glu Glu Leu Gln Pro Pro Pro Asp Pro Thr His Thr Ile Pro Lys Ser 20 25 30 gga ccc ata gtt cca tat gtt tta gct gat tat aat tct tcg atc gat 683 Gly Pro Ile Val Pro Tyr Val Leu Ala Asp Tyr Asn Ser Ser Ile Asp 35 40 45 gct cct ttc aat ctc gac att tac aaa acc ctg tcg tca agg aaa aaa 731 Ala Pro Phe Asn Leu Asp Ile Tyr Lys Thr Leu Ser Ser Arg Lys Lys 50 55 60 aac gcc aac tca agc aac cga atg gac cat att cca tta aat act agt 779 Asn Ala Asn Ser Ser Asn Arg Met Asp His Ile Pro Leu Asn Thr Ser 65 70 75 gac ttc cag cca cta tct cgg gat gta tca tcg gag gag gaa agt gaa 827 Asp Phe Gln Pro Leu Ser Arg Asp Val Ser Ser Glu Glu Glu Ser Glu 80 85 90 95 ggg caa tcg aat gga att gac gct act cta cag gat gtt acg atg act 875 Gly Gln Ser Asn Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Gln Asp Val Thr Met Thr 100 105 110 ggg aat ttg ggg gta ctg aag agc caa att gct gat ttg gaa gaa gtt 923 Gly Asn Leu Gly Val Leu Lys Ser Gln Ile Ala Asp Leu Glu Glu Val 115 120 125 cct cac aca att gta aga caa gcc aga act att gaa gat tac gaa ttt 971 Pro His Thr Ile Val Arg Gln Ala Arg Thr Ile Glu Asp Tyr Glu Phe 130 135 140 cct gta cac aga ttg acg aaa aag tta caa gat cct gaa aaa ctg cct 1019 Pro Val His Arg Leu Thr Lys Lys Leu Gln Asp Pro Glu Lys Leu Pro 145 150 155 ctg atc atc gtt gct tgt gga tca ttt tct ccc ata aca tac cta cat 1067 Leu Ile Ile Val Ala Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro Ile Thr Tyr Leu His 160 165 170 175 ttg aga atg ttt gaa atg gct tta gat gat atc aat gag caa acg cgt 1115 Leu Arg Met Phe Glu Met Ala Leu Asp Asp Ile Asn Glu Gln Thr Arg 180 185 190 ttt gaa gtg gtt ggt ggt tat ttt tct cca gta agt gat aac tat caa 1163 Phe Glu Val Val Gly Gly Tyr Phe Ser Pro Val Ser Asp Asn Tyr Gln 195 200 205 aag cga ggg tta gcc cca gct tat cat cgt gtc cgc atg tgc gaa tta 1211 Lys Arg Gly Leu Ala Pro Ala Tyr His Arg Val Arg Met Cys Glu Leu 210 215 220 gca tgc gag cgg aca tca tct tgg tta atg gtt gat gcc tgg gaa tct 1259 Ala Cys Glu Arg Thr Ser Ser Trp Leu Met Val Asp Ala Trp Glu Ser 225 230 235 tta caa tca agt tat aca agg aca gca aaa gtc ttg gac cat ttc aat 1307 Leu Gln Ser Ser Tyr Thr Arg Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Asp His Phe Asn 240 245 250 255 cat gaa ata aat atc aag aga ggt gga atc atg act gta gat ggt gaa 1355 His Glu Ile Asn Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Ile Met Thr Val Asp Gly Glu 260 265 270 aaa atg ggc gta aaa atc atg tta ttg gca ggc ggt gat ctt atc gaa 1403 Lys Met Gly Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Ala Gly Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu 275 280 285 tcc atg ggc gag cct cat gtg tgg gct gat tca gac ctg cac cat att 1451 Ser Met Gly Glu Pro His Val Trp Ala Asp Ser Asp Leu His His Ile 290 295 300 ttg ggt aat tat gga tgt ttg atc gtg gaa agg act ggt tct gat gtt 1499 Leu Gly Asn Tyr Gly Cys Leu Ile Val Glu Arg Thr Gly Ser Asp Val 305 310 315 agg tcc ttc ttg ctt tcc cat gat atc atg tat gaa cac aga aga aat 1547 Arg Ser Phe Leu Leu Ser His Asp Ile Met Tyr Glu His Arg Arg Asn 320 325 330 335 atc ctt att atc aaa caa ctt att tac aat gat att tcc tct acg aaa 1595 Ile Leu Ile Ile Lys Gln Leu Ile Tyr Asn Asp Ile Ser Ser Thr Lys 340 345 350 gtg cgg ctt ttc atc aga cgt gga atg tca gtt caa tat ctt ctt cca 1643 Val Arg Leu Phe Ile Arg Arg Gly Met Ser Val Gln Tyr Leu Leu Pro 355 360 365 aac tct gtc atc cgt tac atc caa gag tat aat cta tac att aat caa 1691 Asn Ser Val Ile Arg Tyr Ile Gln Glu Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Ile Asn Gln 370 375 380 agt gaa ccg gtc aag cag gtc ttg gat agc aaa gag tgagtttatt 1737 Ser Glu Pro Val Lys Gln Val Leu Asp Ser Lys Glu 385 390 395 acaactctga tactgcagca gttcaaattt accactttcc tcttcaaggt gcatagaaaa 1797 aaagttcctg gatgcacgat ttaaaatgtt tacagcagag caacaatcat gtgaacaatg 1857 tcaaacattt attttaacac ttaataatta taatataacc acaccagcgg taagtttcat 1917 aaggaaaacc tttcagacaa acattccagt gaatcgtata cgtaaatcag caaaattagc 1977 ttataaaata cagaatccga agatacttga tctactcgcg ttactattaa tgcgggtaat 2037 gatctatatt gaattttgca cgtctatagt aacttaaaag tcttgtaata tttgaagtaa 2097 caatgccgta taatactgca taatagccct atcaatcgga atataccaaa acatccttt 2156 <210> SEQ ID NO 17 <211> LENGTH: 395 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 17 Met Asp Pro Thr Lys Ala Pro Asp Phe Lys Pro Pro Gln Pro Asn Glu 1 5 10 15 Glu Leu Gln Pro Pro Pro Asp Pro Thr His Thr Ile Pro Lys Ser Gly 20 25 30 Pro Ile Val Pro Tyr Val Leu Ala Asp Tyr Asn Ser Ser Ile Asp Ala 35 40 45 Pro Phe Asn Leu Asp Ile Tyr Lys Thr Leu Ser Ser Arg Lys Lys Asn 50 55 60 Ala Asn Ser Ser Asn Arg Met Asp His Ile Pro Leu Asn Thr Ser Asp 65 70 75 80 Phe Gln Pro Leu Ser Arg Asp Val Ser Ser Glu Glu Glu Ser Glu Gly 85 90 95 Gln Ser Asn Gly Ile Asp Ala Thr Leu Gln Asp Val Thr Met Thr Gly 100 105 110 Asn Leu Gly Val Leu Lys Ser Gln Ile Ala Asp Leu Glu Glu Val Pro 115 120 125 His Thr Ile Val Arg Gln Ala Arg Thr Ile Glu Asp Tyr Glu Phe Pro 130 135 140 Val His Arg Leu Thr Lys Lys Leu Gln Asp Pro Glu Lys Leu Pro Leu 145 150 155 160 Ile Ile Val Ala Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro Ile Thr Tyr Leu His Leu 165 170 175 Arg Met Phe Glu Met Ala Leu Asp Asp Ile Asn Glu Gln Thr Arg Phe 180 185 190 Glu Val Val Gly Gly Tyr Phe Ser Pro Val Ser Asp Asn Tyr Gln Lys 195 200 205 Arg Gly Leu Ala Pro Ala Tyr His Arg Val Arg Met Cys Glu Leu Ala 210 215 220 Cys Glu Arg Thr Ser Ser Trp Leu Met Val Asp Ala Trp Glu Ser Leu 225 230 235 240 Gln Ser Ser Tyr Thr Arg Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Asp His Phe Asn His 245 250 255 Glu Ile Asn Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Ile Met Thr Val Asp Gly Glu Lys 260 265 270 Met Gly Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Ala Gly Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu Ser 275 280 285 Met Gly Glu Pro His Val Trp Ala Asp Ser Asp Leu His His Ile Leu 290 295 300 Gly Asn Tyr Gly Cys Leu Ile Val Glu Arg Thr Gly Ser Asp Val Arg 305 310 315 320 Ser Phe Leu Leu Ser His Asp Ile Met Tyr Glu His Arg Arg Asn Ile 325 330 335 Leu Ile Ile Lys Gln Leu Ile Tyr Asn Asp Ile Ser Ser Thr Lys Val 340 345 350 Arg Leu Phe Ile Arg Arg Gly Met Ser Val Gln Tyr Leu Leu Pro Asn 355 360 365 Ser Val Ile Arg Tyr Ile Gln Glu Tyr Asn Leu Tyr Ile Asn Gln Ser 370 375 380 Glu Pro Val Lys Gln Val Leu Asp Ser Lys Glu 385 390 395 <210> SEQ ID NO 18 <211> LENGTH: 2156 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 18 aaaggatgtt ttggtatatt ccgattgata gggctattat gcagtattat acggcattgt 60 tacttcaaat attacaagac ttttaagtta ctatagacgt gcaaaattca atatagatca 120 ttacccgcat taatagtaac gcgagtagat caagtatctt cggattctgt attttataag 180 ctaattttgc tgatttacgt atacgattca ctggaatgtt tgtctgaaag gttttcctta 240 tgaaacttac cgctggtgtg gttatattat aattattaag tgttaaaata aatgtttgac 300 attgttcaca tgattgttgc tctgctgtaa acattttaaa tcgtgcatcc aggaactttt 360 tttctatgca ccttgaagag gaaagtggta aatttgaact gctgcagtat cagagttgta 420 ataaactcac tctttgctat ccaagacctg cttgaccggt tcactttgat taatgtatag 480 attatactct tggatgtaac ggatgacaga gtttggaaga agatattgaa ctgacattcc 540 acgtctgatg aaaagccgca ctttcgtaga ggaaatatca ttgtaaataa gttgtttgat 600 aataaggata tttcttctgt gttcatacat gatatcatgg gaaagcaaga aggacctaac 660 atcagaacca gtcctttcca cgatcaaaca tccataatta cccaaaatat ggtgcaggtc 720 tgaatcagcc cacacatgag gctcgcccat ggattcgata agatcaccgc ctgccaataa 780 catgattttt acgcccattt tttcaccatc tacagtcatg attccacctc tcttgatatt 840 tatttcatga ttgaaatggt ccaagacttt tgctgtcctt gtataacttg attgtaaaga 900 ttcccaggca tcaaccatta accaagatga tgtccgctcg catgctaatt cgcacatgcg 960 gacacgatga taagctgggg ctaaccctcg cttttgatag ttatcactta ctggagaaaa 1020 ataaccacca accacttcaa aacgcgtttg ctcattgata tcatctaaag ccatttcaaa 1080 cattctcaaa tgtaggtatg ttatgggaga aaatgatcca caagcaacga tgatcagagg 1140 cagtttttca ggatcttgta actttttcgt caatctgtgt acaggaaatt cgtaatcttc 1200 aatagttctg gcttgtctta caattgtgtg aggaacttct tccaaatcag caatttggct 1260 cttcagtacc cccaaattcc cagtcatcgt aacatcctgt agagtagcgt caattccatt 1320 cgattgccct tcactttcct cctccgatga tacatcccga gatagtggct ggaagtcact 1380 agtatttaat ggaatatggt ccattcggtt gcttgagttg gcgttttttt tccttgacga 1440 cagggttttg taaatgtcga gattgaaagg agcatcgatc gaagaattat aatcagctaa 1500 aacatatgga actatgggtc cagattttgg tatcgtatgt gttggatctg gcggtggttg 1560 tagttcttca tttggctgtg gcggtttaaa atcgggtgct ttggtgggat ccattacgta 1620 ataagtgcac tttttcttgc cttctccact ttaaactctc tctctctctc tacttaacag 1680 tggaggaaca gtgactaagg tagagtatga ttgtactata acttacagtc tactgtcgtc 1740 acgctgggtc aatttacatt gttatttttc ttggagacga caccgtcaca tatggacagc 1800 gagtatggta gatggtataa gcaaaaaatg gccagaaaca ggcgattatt tggtaaaacg 1860 taaagattga tcaagacgat aagtttgaga gattgtgaag ctaaataaaa tcgtattgcg 1920 agtattttac attccatata cgaatagtac gatatccatg tggggtgcga ctcagagact 1980 ttctattacc cgtctttcaa aaagaaatga gatacgttga tcctgctttt aacaatttcg 2040 aatcgtttgc gtaattatat gacttgctcc ggtgtataaa taaataaagt acattcttgg 2100 tactcctgaa cctagcctgg agtaactcgg aataatacac cattgacacc aaaaga 2156 <210> SEQ ID NO 19 <211> LENGTH: 3343 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (1526)...(2728) <400> SEQUENCE: 19 gtttgaattg tgtttgtgtt agaaatttgt gtgctttaat gttatgttat aatgaaatct 60 tattagattt atttaacgtt tttgctgtgc ttataataaa cattacataa taaaaggagt 120 agaagaaagt ggtagagagg agtacaaatc tacctgccag aactctctcc ttatatatat 180 ttccagtggt gtctggatta cctacctcaa gccataccat atccatacca tatccataaa 240 cgcctacaaa atttctaccc caatccagca gcttctatca ctatctcgta taccaccata 300 ggcaccacca ctgtttgtgt aaatttactc ctgagggggg ggtggctcaa cacggtgtag 360 gccttcttcc cgcacaatcc gatgaaaccc cacaatcgcc tccgtctctt ccactgtgca 420 cggcgctagc tcaacatctt ccccgccaca tttactgtgg caaagaaggt gcataatcta 480 aaaaaacata cgtatgagaa tggaaagggc aagataatat cggaccgtag tgagtcactt 540 gcttttggta ttgcaaccaa ctgccgcccc tcttcccgct cttgcaccaa aacgctaaat 600 gcccattgtg atggctcatc caccctcacg acgaagtaag acccggggca caagaaaata 660 cgagatcata acagttcgag tccgtttatt gtgtgcggtt ttggtacgct ttttcgtgag 720 gtgtactacc attcatgaga gtcgttttag gagctgtcat gaaagatatg tatcttgttg 780 atgaactgta aaaatttgca gaaattgcgc tattccgttt atttcattgt cgattcggtg 840 ttaatattag gggtacaaaa tatactagaa gttctccctc gaggatatag gaatgcgcaa 900 atgggcattt gatgtgacac aaaatttgga caatataacg attcattttt agatcgttgt 960 tcaaccgtcc cagtggccga gtggttaagg cgatgcctgc tatttcctca gaaaagcaat 1020 taggcattgg gttttacctg cgcaggttcg aatcctgtct gtgacgcttt ttttaatttc 1080 tttactccat gacaaaagcg gataaaaatt cccgcattcg gcgtaaaaaa atccggtttt 1140 ttttttagca ctcgctgttt ttgcctctac cgggtgaaaa atgacgatga agacggctgg 1200 aattgcgctg catccgctta cgtaggatag aacacctaca aagatttacg aactttattg 1260 ctcgaagatt cgctatccat atctttttag tttcccccca tttcacaatg ggataccgtt 1320 gttttttctg taggtacgct ttctcatagt taatagagtc agtaattcat ttcatttttt 1380 gcagaaagga atttcttcac ctaatttaga atttcatcaa catttattgt atctgcatgg 1440 tataacaaat tagaaaaatt tggaagggaa aaaaaaactg ttgcgtcaat tacttatacc 1500 agggatagaa aaaaaaaaag gaaac atg gat ccc aca aga gct ccg gat ttc 1552 Met Asp Pro Thr Arg Ala Pro Asp Phe 1 5 aaa ccg cca tct gca gac gag gaa ttg att cct cca ccc gac ccg gaa 1600 Lys Pro Pro Ser Ala Asp Glu Glu Leu Ile Pro Pro Pro Asp Pro Glu 10 15 20 25 tct aaa att ccc aaa tct att cca att att cca tac gtc tta gcc gat 1648 Ser Lys Ile Pro Lys Ser Ile Pro Ile Ile Pro Tyr Val Leu Ala Asp 30 35 40 gcg aat tcc tct ata gat gca cct ttt aat att aag agg aag aaa aag 1696 Ala Asn Ser Ser Ile Asp Ala Pro Phe Asn Ile Lys Arg Lys Lys Lys 45 50 55 cat cct aag cat cat cat cac cat cat cac agt cgt aaa gaa ggc aat 1744 His Pro Lys His His His His His His His Ser Arg Lys Glu Gly Asn 60 65 70 gat aaa aaa cat cag cat att cca ttg aac caa gac gac ttt caa cca 1792 Asp Lys Lys His Gln His Ile Pro Leu Asn Gln Asp Asp Phe Gln Pro 75 80 85 ctt tcc gca gaa gtg tct tcc gaa gat gat gac gcg gat ttt aga tcc 1840 Leu Ser Ala Glu Val Ser Ser Glu Asp Asp Asp Ala Asp Phe Arg Ser 90 95 100 105 aag gag aga tac ggt tca gat tca acc aca gaa tca gaa act aga ggt 1888 Lys Glu Arg Tyr Gly Ser Asp Ser Thr Thr Glu Ser Glu Thr Arg Gly 110 115 120 gtt cag aaa tat cag att gct gat tta gaa gaa gtt cca cat gga atc 1936 Val Gln Lys Tyr Gln Ile Ala Asp Leu Glu Glu Val Pro His Gly Ile 125 130 135 gtt cgt caa gca aga acc ttg gaa gac tac gaa ttc ccc tca cac aga 1984 Val Arg Gln Ala Arg Thr Leu Glu Asp Tyr Glu Phe Pro Ser His Arg 140 145 150 tta tcg aaa aaa tta ctg gat cca aat aaa ctg ccg tta gta ata gta 2032 Leu Ser Lys Lys Leu Leu Asp Pro Asn Lys Leu Pro Leu Val Ile Val 155 160 165 gca tgt ggg tct ttt tca cca atc acc tac ttg cat cta aga atg ttt 2080 Ala Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro Ile Thr Tyr Leu His Leu Arg Met Phe 170 175 180 185 gaa atg gct tta gat gca atc tct gaa caa aca agg ttt gaa gtc ata 2128 Glu Met Ala Leu Asp Ala Ile Ser Glu Gln Thr Arg Phe Glu Val Ile 190 195 200 ggt gga tat tac tcc cct gtt agt gat aac tat caa aag caa ggc ttg 2176 Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Pro Val Ser Asp Asn Tyr Gln Lys Gln Gly Leu 205 210 215 gcc cca tcc tac cat aga gta cgt atg tgt gaa ttg gcc tgc gaa aga 2224 Ala Pro Ser Tyr His Arg Val Arg Met Cys Glu Leu Ala Cys Glu Arg 220 225 230 acc tca tct tgg ttg atg gtg gat gca tgg gag tca ttg caa cct tca 2272 Thr Ser Ser Trp Leu Met Val Asp Ala Trp Glu Ser Leu Gln Pro Ser 235 240 245 tac aca aga act gcc aag gtc ttg gat cat ttc aat cac gaa atc aat 2320 Tyr Thr Arg Thr Ala Lys Val Leu Asp His Phe Asn His Glu Ile Asn 250 255 260 265 att aag aga ggt ggt gta gct act gtt act gga gaa aaa att ggt gtg 2368 Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Val Ala Thr Val Thr Gly Glu Lys Ile Gly Val 270 275 280 aaa ata atg ttg ctg gct ggt ggt gac cta ata gag tca atg ggt gaa 2416 Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Ala Gly Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu Ser Met Gly Glu 285 290 295 cca aac gtt tgg gcg gac gcc gat tta cat cac att ctc ggt aat tac 2464 Pro Asn Val Trp Ala Asp Ala Asp Leu His His Ile Leu Gly Asn Tyr 300 305 310 ggt tgt ttg att gtc gaa cgt act ggt tct gat gta agg tct ttt ttg 2512 Gly Cys Leu Ile Val Glu Arg Thr Gly Ser Asp Val Arg Ser Phe Leu 315 320 325 tta tcc cat gat att atg tat gaa cat aga agg aat att ctt atc atc 2560 Leu Ser His Asp Ile Met Tyr Glu His Arg Arg Asn Ile Leu Ile Ile 330 335 340 345 aag caa ctc atc tat aat gat att tct tcc acg aaa gtt cgt cta ttt 2608 Lys Gln Leu Ile Tyr Asn Asp Ile Ser Ser Thr Lys Val Arg Leu Phe 350 355 360 atc aga cgc gcc atg tct gta caa tat ttg tta cct aat tcg gtc atc 2656 Ile Arg Arg Ala Met Ser Val Gln Tyr Leu Leu Pro Asn Ser Val Ile 365 370 375 agg tat atc caa gaa cat aga cta tat gtg gac caa acc gaa cct gtt 2704 Arg Tyr Ile Gln Glu His Arg Leu Tyr Val Asp Gln Thr Glu Pro Val 380 385 390 aag caa gtt ctt gga aac aaa gaa tgatttgccg tccggaattg cttcgttctt 2758 Lys Gln Val Leu Gly Asn Lys Glu 395 400 tctttcatct ttctctttac aatttccaat tttcccctac aggaattaat tggagggtac 2818 aagcgagtag aaatgtgaca tatgacttac ctatctgtgt tttagtatag tttttttttc 2878 tgtagtataa ttcactttta cactaatttt ttcgcctttt tctcttaaag agctaatttc 2938 tataaccttc agcggttata ccaaatataa aaaatggaag gaaaacaaac agtaagaaat 2998 aagcgcaaca gcacgttagt tcaccattgg attccaacat ttcaaaattt aatctaatgg 3058 caagagatat cacatttttg accgtatttt tagaaagttg tggcgctgta aataatgatg 3118 aggcaggaaa attgttatct gcttggactt caaccgtacg cattgaggga ccggaatcaa 3178 ccgactctaa ttcattatat attccactgc taccacctgg aatgttgaaa gtatgtttct 3238 cctagcaaaa ttaaaaccca tccgtgaatg aagcgttact aactataata actggtagct 3298 ttgtcactcg taccaggaaa agtgaagatt aaactgaatt ttaaa 3343 <210> SEQ ID NO 20 <211> LENGTH: 401 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 20 Met Asp Pro Thr Arg Ala Pro Asp Phe Lys Pro Pro Ser Ala Asp Glu 1 5 10 15 Glu Leu Ile Pro Pro Pro Asp Pro Glu Ser Lys Ile Pro Lys Ser Ile 20 25 30 Pro Ile Ile Pro Tyr Val Leu Ala Asp Ala Asn Ser Ser Ile Asp Ala 35 40 45 Pro Phe Asn Ile Lys Arg Lys Lys Lys His Pro Lys His His His His 50 55 60 His His His Ser Arg Lys Glu Gly Asn Asp Lys Lys His Gln His Ile 65 70 75 80 Pro Leu Asn Gln Asp Asp Phe Gln Pro Leu Ser Ala Glu Val Ser Ser 85 90 95 Glu Asp Asp Asp Ala Asp Phe Arg Ser Lys Glu Arg Tyr Gly Ser Asp 100 105 110 Ser Thr Thr Glu Ser Glu Thr Arg Gly Val Gln Lys Tyr Gln Ile Ala 115 120 125 Asp Leu Glu Glu Val Pro His Gly Ile Val Arg Gln Ala Arg Thr Leu 130 135 140 Glu Asp Tyr Glu Phe Pro Ser His Arg Leu Ser Lys Lys Leu Leu Asp 145 150 155 160 Pro Asn Lys Leu Pro Leu Val Ile Val Ala Cys Gly Ser Phe Ser Pro 165 170 175 Ile Thr Tyr Leu His Leu Arg Met Phe Glu Met Ala Leu Asp Ala Ile 180 185 190 Ser Glu Gln Thr Arg Phe Glu Val Ile Gly Gly Tyr Tyr Ser Pro Val 195 200 205 Ser Asp Asn Tyr Gln Lys Gln Gly Leu Ala Pro Ser Tyr His Arg Val 210 215 220 Arg Met Cys Glu Leu Ala Cys Glu Arg Thr Ser Ser Trp Leu Met Val 225 230 235 240 Asp Ala Trp Glu Ser Leu Gln Pro Ser Tyr Thr Arg Thr Ala Lys Val 245 250 255 Leu Asp His Phe Asn His Glu Ile Asn Ile Lys Arg Gly Gly Val Ala 260 265 270 Thr Val Thr Gly Glu Lys Ile Gly Val Lys Ile Met Leu Leu Ala Gly 275 280 285 Gly Asp Leu Ile Glu Ser Met Gly Glu Pro Asn Val Trp Ala Asp Ala 290 295 300 Asp Leu His His Ile Leu Gly Asn Tyr Gly Cys Leu Ile Val Glu Arg 305 310 315 320 Thr Gly Ser Asp Val Arg Ser Phe Leu Leu Ser His Asp Ile Met Tyr 325 330 335 Glu His Arg Arg Asn Ile Leu Ile Ile Lys Gln Leu Ile Tyr Asn Asp 340 345 350 Ile Ser Ser Thr Lys Val Arg Leu Phe Ile Arg Arg Ala Met Ser Val 355 360 365 Gln Tyr Leu Leu Pro Asn Ser Val Ile Arg Tyr Ile Gln Glu His Arg 370 375 380 Leu Tyr Val Asp Gln Thr Glu Pro Val Lys Gln Val Leu Gly Asn Lys 385 390 395 400 Glu <210> SEQ ID NO 21 <211> LENGTH: 3343 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 21 tttaaaattc agtttaatct tcacttttcc tggtacgagt gacaaagcta ccagttatta 60 tagttagtaa cgcttcattc acggatgggt tttaattttg ctaggagaaa catactttca 120 acattccagg tggtagcagt ggaatatata atgaattaga gtcggttgat tccggtccct 180 caatgcgtac ggttgaagtc caagcagata acaattttcc tgcctcatca ttatttacag 240 cgccacaact ttctaaaaat acggtcaaaa atgtgatatc tcttgccatt agattaaatt 300 ttgaaatgtt ggaatccaat ggtgaactaa cgtgctgttg cgcttatttc ttactgtttg 360 ttttccttcc attttttata tttggtataa ccgctgaagg ttatagaaat tagctcttta 420 agagaaaaag gcgaaaaaat tagtgtaaaa gtgaattata ctacagaaaa aaaaactata 480 ctaaaacaca gataggtaag tcatatgtca catttctact cgcttgtacc ctccaattaa 540 ttcctgtagg ggaaaattgg aaattgtaaa gagaaagatg aaagaaagaa cgaagcaatt 600 ccggacggca aatcattctt tgtttccaag aacttgctta acaggttcgg tttggtccac 660 atatagtcta tgttcttgga tatacctgat gaccgaatta ggtaacaaat attgtacaga 720 catggcgcgt ctgataaata gacgaacttt cgtggaagaa atatcattat agatgagttg 780 cttgatgata agaatattcc ttctatgttc atacataata tcatgggata acaaaaaaga 840 ccttacatca gaaccagtac gttcgacaat caaacaaccg taattaccga gaatgtgatg 900 taaatcggcg tccgcccaaa cgtttggttc acccattgac tctattaggt caccaccagc 960 cagcaacatt attttcacac caattttttc tccagtaaca gtagctacac cacctctctt 1020 aatattgatt tcgtgattga aatgatccaa gaccttggca gttcttgtgt atgaaggttg 1080 caatgactcc catgcatcca ccatcaacca agatgaggtt ctttcgcagg ccaattcaca 1140 catacgtact ctatggtagg atggggccaa gccttgcttt tgatagttat cactaacagg 1200 ggagtaatat ccacctatga cttcaaacct tgtttgttca gagattgcat ctaaagccat 1260 ttcaaacatt cttagatgca agtaggtgat tggtgaaaaa gacccacatg ctactattac 1320 taacggcagt ttatttggat ccagtaattt tttcgataat ctgtgtgagg ggaattcgta 1380 gtcttccaag gttcttgctt gacgaacgat tccatgtgga acttcttcta aatcagcaat 1440 ctgatatttc tgaacacctc tagtttctga ttctgtggtt gaatctgaac cgtatctctc 1500 cttggatcta aaatccgcgt catcatcttc ggaagacact tctgcggaaa gtggttgaaa 1560 gtcgtcttgg ttcaatggaa tatgctgatg ttttttatca ttgccttctt tacgactgtg 1620 atgatggtga tgatgatgct taggatgctt tttcttcctc ttaatattaa aaggtgcatc 1680 tatagaggaa ttcgcatcgg ctaagacgta tggaataatt ggaatagatt tgggaatttt 1740 agattccggg tcgggtggag gaatcaattc ctcgtctgca gatggcggtt tgaaatccgg 1800 agctcttgtg ggatccatgt ttcctttttt tttttctatc cctggtataa gtaattgacg 1860 caacagtttt tttttccctt ccaaattttt ctaatttgtt ataccatgca gatacaataa 1920 atgttgatga aattctaaat taggtgaaga aattcctttc tgcaaaaaat gaaatgaatt 1980 actgactcta ttaactatga gaaagcgtac ctacagaaaa aacaacggta tcccattgtg 2040 aaatgggggg aaactaaaaa gatatggata gcgaatcttc gagcaataaa gttcgtaaat 2100 ctttgtaggt gttctatcct acgtaagcgg atgcagcgca attccagccg tcttcatcgt 2160 catttttcac ccggtagagg caaaaacagc gagtgctaaa aaaaaaaccg gattttttta 2220 cgccgaatgc gggaattttt atccgctttt gtcatggagt aaagaaatta aaaaaagcgt 2280 cacagacagg attcgaacct gcgcaggtaa aacccaatgc ctaattgctt ttctgaggaa 2340 atagcaggca tcgccttaac cactcggcca ctgggacggt tgaacaacga tctaaaaatg 2400 aatcgttata ttgtccaaat tttgtgtcac atcaaatgcc catttgcgca ttcctatatc 2460 ctcgagggag aacttctagt atattttgta cccctaatat taacaccgaa tcgacaatga 2520 aataaacgga atagcgcaat ttctgcaaat ttttacagtt catcaacaag atacatatct 2580 ttcatgacag ctcctaaaac gactctcatg aatggtagta cacctcacga aaaagcgtac 2640 caaaaccgca cacaataaac ggactcgaac tgttatgatc tcgtattttc ttgtgccccg 2700 ggtcttactt cgtcgtgagg gtggatgagc catcacaatg ggcatttagc gttttggtgc 2760 aagagcggga agaggggcgg cagttggttg caataccaaa agcaagtgac tcactacggt 2820 ccgatattat cttgcccttt ccattctcat acgtatgttt ttttagatta tgcaccttct 2880 ttgccacagt aaatgtggcg gggaagatgt tgagctagcg ccgtgcacag tggaagagac 2940 ggaggcgatt gtggggtttc atcggattgt gcgggaagaa ggcctacacc gtgttgagcc 3000 acccccccct caggagtaaa tttacacaaa cagtggtggt gcctatggtg gtatacgaga 3060 tagtgataga agctgctgga ttggggtaga aattttgtag gcgtttatgg atatggtatg 3120 gatatggtat ggcttgaggt aggtaatcca gacaccactg gaaatatata taaggagaga 3180 gttctggcag gtagatttgt actcctctct accactttct tctactcctt ttattatgta 3240 atgtttatta taagcacagc aaaaacgtta aataaatcta ataagatttc attataacat 3300 aacattaaag cacacaaatt tctaacacaa acacaattca aac 3343 <210> SEQ ID NO 22 <211> LENGTH: 1900 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: CDS <222> LOCATION: (813)...(1853) <400> SEQUENCE: 22 ttctactact ccacgtacaa aaaagagcac gctgctttat ttatactttt gtgccacaag 60 aatgatcaac atcaacataa atatcaacta gtatctgcaa cacatctgct ccacggaact 120 aaacccgttg agcagtgccc cgtggaaacg taaactatcg caaattggga ttaacaagcc 180 aaaaacagcc aagcaagatt cacgaaaccg cgcctcgttt ggaccccgaa ggcccattta 240 acggccggcc gttacaagca agatcggcag agcaaaccac tccccagcac cacagcacat 300 cactgcacga gcaacaataa ctagaacatg gcagatagcg aggatacctc tgtgatcctg 360 cagggcatcg acacaatcaa cagcgtggag ggcctggaag aagatggtta cctcagcgac 420 gaggacacgt cactcagcaa cgagctcgca gatgcacagc gtcaatggga agagtcgctg 480 caacagttga acaagctgct caactgggtc ctgctgcccc tgctgggcaa gtatataggt 540 aggagaatgg ccaagactct atggagtagg ttcattgaac actttgtata agtgtttgtt 600 gtttatgtat ccgcatatag cagttataac agataaatgg cacttttcgc acacccgttg 660 ttttatctcc gatagtacgt gggcctttat ttatggtcgt ttaacgaaag aacggcatct 720 tgaattgagc aggtatttaa aagataggac gagaaacaag cacatgatct gtgtcgaaaa 780 aaagtagcaa agagaaaaag taggaggata gg atg aac agg aaa gta gct atc 833 Met Asn Arg Lys Val Ala Ile 1 5 gta acg ggt act aat agt aat ctt ggt ctg aac att gtg ttc cgt ctg 881 Val Thr Gly Thr Asn Ser Asn Leu Gly Leu Asn Ile Val Phe Arg Leu 10 15 20 att gaa act gag gac acc aat gtc aga ttg acc att gtg gtg act tct 929 Ile Glu Thr Glu Asp Thr Asn Val Arg Leu Thr Ile Val Val Thr Ser 25 30 35 aga acg ctt cct cga gtg cag gag gtg att aac cag att aaa gat ttt 977 Arg Thr Leu Pro Arg Val Gln Glu Val Ile Asn Gln Ile Lys Asp Phe 40 45 50 55 tac aac aaa tca ggc cgt gta gag gat ttg gaa ata gac ttt gat tat 1025 Tyr Asn Lys Ser Gly Arg Val Glu Asp Leu Glu Ile Asp Phe Asp Tyr 60 65 70 ctg ttg gtg gac ttc acc aac atg gtg agt gtc ttg aac gca tat tac 1073 Leu Leu Val Asp Phe Thr Asn Met Val Ser Val Leu Asn Ala Tyr Tyr 75 80 85 gac atc aac aaa aag tac agg gcg ata aac tac ctt ttc gtg aat gct 1121 Asp Ile Asn Lys Lys Tyr Arg Ala Ile Asn Tyr Leu Phe Val Asn Ala 90 95 100 gcg caa ggt atc ttt gac ggt ata gat tgg atc gga gcg gtc aag gag 1169 Ala Gln Gly Ile Phe Asp Gly Ile Asp Trp Ile Gly Ala Val Lys Glu 105 110 115 gtt ttc acc aat cca ttg gag gca gtg aca aat ccg aca tac aag ata 1217 Val Phe Thr Asn Pro Leu Glu Ala Val Thr Asn Pro Thr Tyr Lys Ile 120 125 130 135 caa ctg gtg ggc gtc aag tct aaa gat gac atg ggg ctt att ttc cag 1265 Gln Leu Val Gly Val Lys Ser Lys Asp Asp Met Gly Leu Ile Phe Gln 140 145 150 gcc aat gtg ttt ggt ccg tac tac ttt atc agt aaa att ctg cct caa 1313 Ala Asn Val Phe Gly Pro Tyr Tyr Phe Ile Ser Lys Ile Leu Pro Gln 155 160 165 ttg acc agg gga aag gct tat att gtt tgg att tcg agt att atg tcc 1361 Leu Thr Arg Gly Lys Ala Tyr Ile Val Trp Ile Ser Ser Ile Met Ser 170 175 180 gat cct aag tat ctt tcg ttg aac gat att gaa cta cta aag aca aat 1409 Asp Pro Lys Tyr Leu Ser Leu Asn Asp Ile Glu Leu Leu Lys Thr Asn 185 190 195 gcc tct tat gag ggc tcc aag cgt tta gtt gat tta ctg cat ttg gcc 1457 Ala Ser Tyr Glu Gly Ser Lys Arg Leu Val Asp Leu Leu His Leu Ala 200 205 210 215 acc tac aaa gac ttg aaa aag ctg ggc ata aat cag tat gta gtt caa 1505 Thr Tyr Lys Asp Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly Ile Asn Gln Tyr Val Val Gln 220 225 230 ccg ggc ata ttt aca agc cat tcc ttc tcc gaa tat ttg aat ttt ttc 1553 Pro Gly Ile Phe Thr Ser His Ser Phe Ser Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe Phe 235 240 245 acc tat ttc ggc atg cta tgc ttg ttc tat ttg gcc agg ctg ttg ggg 1601 Thr Tyr Phe Gly Met Leu Cys Leu Phe Tyr Leu Ala Arg Leu Leu Gly 250 255 260 tct cca tgg cac aat att gat ggt tat aaa gct gcc aat gcc cca gta 1649 Ser Pro Trp His Asn Ile Asp Gly Tyr Lys Ala Ala Asn Ala Pro Val 265 270 275 tac gta act aga ttg gcc aat cca aac ttt gag aaa caa gac gta aaa 1697 Tyr Val Thr Arg Leu Ala Asn Pro Asn Phe Glu Lys Gln Asp Val Lys 280 285 290 295 tac ggt tct gct acc tct agg gat ggt atg cca tat atc aag acg cag 1745 Tyr Gly Ser Ala Thr Ser Arg Asp Gly Met Pro Tyr Ile Lys Thr Gln 300 305 310 gaa ata gac cct act gga atg tct gat gtc ttc gct tat ata cag aag 1793 Glu Ile Asp Pro Thr Gly Met Ser Asp Val Phe Ala Tyr Ile Gln Lys 315 320 325 aag aaa ctg gaa tgg gac gag aaa ctg aaa gat caa att gtt gaa act 1841 Lys Lys Leu Glu Trp Asp Glu Lys Leu Lys Asp Gln Ile Val Glu Thr 330 335 340 aga acc ccc att taatatatct ctgcgtacat atgtatatat atatatgtgt 1893 Arg Thr Pro Ile 345 gtatata 1900 <210> SEQ ID NO 23 <211> LENGTH: 347 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 23 Met Asn Arg Lys Val Ala Ile Val Thr Gly Thr Asn Ser Asn Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Asn Ile Val Phe Arg Leu Ile Glu Thr Glu Asp Thr Asn Val Arg 20 25 30 Leu Thr Ile Val Val Thr Ser Arg Thr Leu Pro Arg Val Gln Glu Val 35 40 45 Ile Asn Gln Ile Lys Asp Phe Tyr Asn Lys Ser Gly Arg Val Glu Asp 50 55 60 Leu Glu Ile Asp Phe Asp Tyr Leu Leu Val Asp Phe Thr Asn Met Val 65 70 75 80 Ser Val Leu Asn Ala Tyr Tyr Asp Ile Asn Lys Lys Tyr Arg Ala Ile 85 90 95 Asn Tyr Leu Phe Val Asn Ala Ala Gln Gly Ile Phe Asp Gly Ile Asp 100 105 110 Trp Ile Gly Ala Val Lys Glu Val Phe Thr Asn Pro Leu Glu Ala Val 115 120 125 Thr Asn Pro Thr Tyr Lys Ile Gln Leu Val Gly Val Lys Ser Lys Asp 130 135 140 Asp Met Gly Leu Ile Phe Gln Ala Asn Val Phe Gly Pro Tyr Tyr Phe 145 150 155 160 Ile Ser Lys Ile Leu Pro Gln Leu Thr Arg Gly Lys Ala Tyr Ile Val 165 170 175 Trp Ile Ser Ser Ile Met Ser Asp Pro Lys Tyr Leu Ser Leu Asn Asp 180 185 190 Ile Glu Leu Leu Lys Thr Asn Ala Ser Tyr Glu Gly Ser Lys Arg Leu 195 200 205 Val Asp Leu Leu His Leu Ala Thr Tyr Lys Asp Leu Lys Lys Leu Gly 210 215 220 Ile Asn Gln Tyr Val Val Gln Pro Gly Ile Phe Thr Ser His Ser Phe 225 230 235 240 Ser Glu Tyr Leu Asn Phe Phe Thr Tyr Phe Gly Met Leu Cys Leu Phe 245 250 255 Tyr Leu Ala Arg Leu Leu Gly Ser Pro Trp His Asn Ile Asp Gly Tyr 260 265 270 Lys Ala Ala Asn Ala Pro Val Tyr Val Thr Arg Leu Ala Asn Pro Asn 275 280 285 Phe Glu Lys Gln Asp Val Lys Tyr Gly Ser Ala Thr Ser Arg Asp Gly 290 295 300 Met Pro Tyr Ile Lys Thr Gln Glu Ile Asp Pro Thr Gly Met Ser Asp 305 310 315 320 Val Phe Ala Tyr Ile Gln Lys Lys Lys Leu Glu Trp Asp Glu Lys Leu 325 330 335 Lys Asp Gln Ile Val Glu Thr Arg Thr Pro Ile 340 345 <210> SEQ ID NO 24 <211> LENGTH: 1900 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Saccharomyces cerevisiae <400> SEQUENCE: 24 tatatacaca catatatata tatacatatg tacgcagaga tatattaaat gggggttcta 60 gtttcaacaa tttgatcttt cagtttctcg tcccattcca gtttcttctt ctgtatataa 120 gcgaagacat cagacattcc agtagggtct atttcctgcg tcttgatata tggcatacca 180 tccctagagg tagcagaacc gtattttacg tcttgtttct caaagtttgg attggccaat 240 tagttacgt atactggggc attggcagct ttataaccat caatattgtg ccatggagac 300 ccaacagcc tggccaaata gaacaagcat agcatgccga aataggtgaa aaaattcaaa 360 attcggaga aggaatggct tgtaaatatg cccggttgaa ctacatactg atttatgccc 420 gctttttca agtctttgta ggtggccaaa tgcagtaaat caactaaacg cttggagccc 480 cataagagg catttgtctt tagtagttca atatcgttca acgaaagata cttaggatcg 540 acataatac tcgaaatcca aacaatataa gcctttcccc tggtcaattg aggcagaatt 600 tactgataa agtagtacgg accaaacaca ttggcctgga aaataagccc catgtcatct 660 tagacttga cgcccaccag ttgtatcttg tatgtcggat ttgtcactgc ctccaatgga 720 tggtgaaaa cctccttgac cgctccgatc caatctatac cgtcaaagat accttgcgca 780 cattcacga aaaggtagtt tatcgccctg tactttttgt tgatgtcgta atatgcgttc 840 agacactca ccatgttggt gaagtccacc aacagataat caaagtctat ttccaaatcc 900 ctacacggc ctgatttgtt gtaaaaatct ttaatctggt taatcacctc ctgcactcga 960 gaagcgttc tagaagtcac cacaatggtc aatctgacat tggtgtcctc agtttcaatc 1020 gacggaaca caatgttcag accaagatta ctattagtac ccgttacgat agctactttc 1080 tgttcatcc tatcctccta ctttttctct ttgctacttt ttttcgacac agatcatgtg 1140 ttgtttctc gtcctatctt ttaaatacct gctcaattca agatgccgtt ctttcgttaa 1200 cgaccataa ataaaggccc acgtactatc ggagataaaa caacgggtgt gcgaaaagtg 1260 catttatct gttataactg ctatatgcgg atacataaac aacaaacact tatacaaagt 1320 ttcaatgaa cctactccat agagtcttgg ccattctcct acctatatac ttgcccagca 1380 gggcagcag gacccagttg agcagcttgt tcaactgttg cagcgactct tcccattgac 1440 ctgtgcatc tgcgagctcg ttgctgagtg acgtgtcctc gtcgctgagg taaccatctt 1500 ttccaggcc ctccacgctg ttgattgtgt cgatgccctg caggatcaca gaggtatcct 1560 gctatctgc catgttctag ttattgttgc tcgtgcagtg atgtgctgtg gtgctgggga 1620 tggtttgct ctgccgatct tgcttgtaac ggccggccgt taaatgggcc ttcggggtcc 1680 aacgaggcg cggtttcgtg aatcttgctt ggctgttttt ggcttgttaa tcccaatttg 1740 gatagttta cgtttccacg gggcactgct caacgggttt agttccgtgg agcagatgtg 1800 tgcagatac tagttgatat ttatgttgat gttgatcatt cttgtggcac aaaagtataa 1860 taaagcagc gtgctctttt ttgtacgtgg agtagtagaa 1900 <210> SEQ ID NO 25 <211> LENGTH: 59 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer for PCR <400> SEQUENCE: 25 aggaaagtag ctatcgtaac gggtactaat agtaatcttg gtctcttggc ctcctctag 59 <210> SEQ ID NO 26 <211> LENGTH: 59 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer for PCR <400> SEQUENCE: 26 tacgcagaga tatattaaat gggggttcta gtttcaacaa tttcgttcag aatgacacg 59 <210> SEQ ID NO 27 <211> LENGTH: 62 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer for PCR <400> SEQUENCE: 27 ttaacagccg cgcccatcat gcaagatcct gatggtattg acattctctt ggcctcctct 60 ag 62 <210> SEQ ID NO 28 <211> LENGTH: 59 <212> TYPE: DNA <213> ORGANISM: Artificial Sequence <220> FEATURE: <223> OTHER INFORMATION: primer for PCR <400> SEQUENCE: 28 gcatatcaat tttaacagac ctcgctgaaa gactctgaat cctcgttcag aatgacacg 59 <210> SEQ ID NO 29 <211> LENGTH: 429 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 29 Thr Leu Ala Glu Glu Asn Met Thr Leu Phe Ile His Cys Tyr Ser Lys 1 5 10 15 Gly His Glu Asn Leu Gln Val Thr Ala Ile His Ile Leu Cys Asp Met 20 25 30 Leu Ile Ser His Pro Ser Leu Val Ala Pro Val Thr Gln Ala Asp Lys 35 40 45 Glu Thr Val Ala Pro Pro Ala Phe Gln Lys Pro Leu Leu Lys Val Phe 50 55 60 Ser Arg Ala Leu Lys Pro Asn Ser Pro Ala Ser Val Gln Thr Ala Ala 65 70 75 80 Ala Thr Ala Leu Ser Lys Leu Leu Leu Thr Gly Val Phe Thr Pro Ser 85 90 95 Ala Ala Asn Ile Pro Asp Ala Ile Gln Glu Phe Asn Gln His Ala Ile 100 105 110 Glu Thr Leu Leu Gln Ser Leu Val Val Ser Phe Phe His Pro Arg Thr 115 120 125 Arg Glu Asn Pro Ala Leu Arg Gln Ala Leu Ala Tyr Phe Phe Pro Val 130 135 140 Tyr Cys His Ser Arg Pro Asp Asn Thr Gln His Met Arg Lys Ile Thr 145 150 155 160 Val Pro Val Ile Arg Thr Ile Leu Asn Ser Ala Glu Glu Tyr Tyr Ser 165 170 175 Leu Glu Ala Glu Glu Asp Ser Asp Gly Asp Ile Asp Glu Ser Val Gly 180 185 190 Glu Lys Glu Leu Lys Ala Leu Met Ser Gly Val Leu Gly Met Leu Ala 195 200 205 Glu Trp Thr Asp Glu Arg Arg Val Ile Gly Leu Gly Gly Glu Arg Val 210 215 220 Leu Ala Gly Gly Leu Ala Ser Ser Asn Val Cys Gly Ile Ile His Leu 225 230 235 240 Gln Leu Ile Lys Asp Ile Leu Glu Arg Val Leu Gly Ile Ser Glu Gly 245 250 255 Ser Asn Arg Cys Ser Lys Gln Gln Arg Lys Leu Leu Phe Ser Leu Met 260 265 270 Ser Lys Leu Tyr Ile Ala Pro Pro Thr Ala Leu Ser Arg Ser Ala Ser 275 280 285 Gln Ala Pro Glu Asp Asp Ser Phe Arg Ser Ser Val Arg Ser Ser His 290 295 300 Gly Glu Leu Asn Pro Glu Asn Leu Ala Leu Ala Gln Glu Val Lys Glu 305 310 315 320 Leu Leu Asp Gln Thr Ile Glu Glu Gly Val Ala Ala Asp Ala Ala Ser 325 330 335 Arg Asn Ala Leu Val Lys Val Lys Asn Val Val Leu Lys Leu Leu Ala 340 345 350 Ala Pro Met Arg Pro Ser Ser Ala Arg Gly Arg Glu Ser Ser Val Glu 355 360 365 Ser Asp Ile Gly Ser Val Arg Ser Ser Arg Ser Val Arg Pro Ser Val 370 375 380 Glu Pro Gly Phe Gly Arg Arg Gly Val Ser Val Glu Pro Ser Ile Met 385 390 395 400 Glu Glu Asp Glu Asn Glu Asp Ser Arg Ala Thr Leu Asp Ser Arg Met 405 410 415 Thr Val Ile Lys Glu Glu Asp Ala Asp Ala Met Glu Glu 420 425 <210> SEQ ID NO 30 <211> LENGTH: 147 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 30 Leu Leu Ser Pro Pro Leu Val Arg Ala Thr Val Ile Phe Pro Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Cys Arg Ser Arg Leu Lys Tyr Ser Val Ser Cys Ser Asp Leu 20 25 30 Gln Leu Leu Arg Ala Asp Thr Leu His Ile Ser Ala Ile Met Thr Glu 35 40 45 Ser Thr Gln Glu Gln Gly Asn Asp Gly Gln Arg Met Pro Pro Ala Pro 50 55 60 Ala Thr Pro Val Glu Asp Tyr Val Phe Pro Glu Tyr Arg Leu Lys Arg 65 70 75 80 Val Met Asp Asp Pro Glu Lys Thr Pro Leu Leu Leu Ile Ala Cys Gly 85 90 95 Ser Phe Ser Pro Ile Thr Phe Leu His Leu Arg Met Phe Glu Met Ala 100 105 110 Ala Asp Tyr Val Lys Leu Ser Thr Asp Phe Glu Ile Ile Gly Gly Tyr 115 120 125 Leu Ser Pro Val Ser Asp Ala Tyr Arg Lys Ala Gly Leu Ala Ser Ala 130 135 140 Asn His Arg 145 <210> SEQ ID NO 31 <211> LENGTH: 91 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 31 Ile Ala Met Cys Gln Arg Ala Val Asp Gln Thr Ser Asp Trp Met Met 1 5 10 15 Val Asp Thr Trp Glu Pro Met His Lys Glu Tyr Gln Pro Thr Ala Ile 20 25 30 Val Leu Asp His Phe Asp Tyr Glu Ile Asn Thr Val Arg Lys Gly Ile 35 40 45 Asp Thr Gly Lys Gly Thr Arg Lys Arg Val Gln Val Val Leu Leu Ala 50 55 60 Gly Ala Asp Leu Val His Thr Met Ser Thr Pro Gly Val Trp Ser Glu 65 70 75 80 Lys Asp Leu Asp His Ile Leu Gly Gln Tyr Gly 85 90 <210> SEQ ID NO 32 <211> LENGTH: 92 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 32 Thr Phe Ile Val Glu Arg Ser Gly Thr Asp Ile Asp Glu Ala Leu Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Leu Gln Pro Trp Lys Lys Asn Ile His Val Ile Gln Gln Leu Ile 20 25 30 Gln Asn Asp Val Ser Ser Thr Lys Ile Arg Leu Phe Leu Arg Arg Asp 35 40 45 Met Ser Val Arg Tyr Leu Ile Pro Asp Pro Val Ile Glu Tyr Ile Tyr 50 55 60 Glu Asn Asn Leu Tyr Met Asp Asp Gly Thr Thr Gln Pro Thr Ala Asp 65 70 75 80 Lys Gly Lys Thr Arg Glu Glu Pro Ala Pro Ser Asn 85 90 <210> SEQ ID NO 33 <211> LENGTH: 68 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 33 Ala Lys Ala Ala Leu Arg Arg Lys Lys Val His Glu Lys Asn Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Gln Thr Gln Ala Gln Ile Val Gln Leu Glu Gln Gln Ile Tyr Ser Ile 20 25 30 Glu Ala Ala Asn Ile Asn His Glu Thr Leu Ala Ala Met Lys Ala Ala 35 40 45 Gly Ala Ala Met Glu Lys Ile His Asn Gly Met Thr Val Glu Gln Val 50 55 60 Asp Glu Thr Met 65 <210> SEQ ID NO 34 <211> LENGTH: 70 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 34 Asp Lys Leu Arg Glu Gln Gln Ala Ile Asn Asp Glu Ile Ala Ile Ala 1 5 10 15 Ile Thr Asn Pro Gly Phe Gly Glu Gln Val Asp Glu Glu Asp Leu Glu 20 25 30 Ala Glu Leu Glu Gly Met Glu Gln Glu Ala Met Asp Glu Arg Met Leu 35 40 45 His Thr Gly Thr Val Pro Val Ala Asp Gln Leu Asn Arg Leu Pro Ala 50 55 60 Pro Ala Asn Ala Glu Pro 65 70 <210> SEQ ID NO 35 <211> LENGTH: 25 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: Aspergillus nidulans <400> SEQUENCE: 35 Ala Lys Ala Lys Gln Lys Ala Glu Glu Glu Asp Glu Glu Ala Glu Leu 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Leu Arg Ala Glu Met Ala Met 20 25 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid encoding an AN17 polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:11, 33, 34, or 35, as depicted in FIGS. 4A to 4D.
 2. An isolated nucleic acid consisting essentially of a sequence selected from the group consisting of: (a) SEQ ID NO:10, as depicted in FIGS. 4A to 4D, or degenerate variants thereof that encode the same amino acid sequence as SEQ ID NO:10 encodes; (b) SEQ ID NO:10, as depicted in FIGS. 4A to 4D, or degenerate variants thereof that encode the same amino acid sequence as SEQ ID NO:10 encodes, wherein T is replaced by U; (c) SEQ ID NO:12; and (d) SEQ ID NO:12, wherein T is replaced by U.
 3. An isolated nucleic acid from Aspergillus consisting essentially of the nucleic acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO:10, and encoding an AN17 polypeptide.
 4. An isolated nucleic acid molecule, said molecule comprising the cDNA sequence contained within American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) accession number
 209472. 5. A vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 1. 6. A vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 2. 7. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 1 operably linked to a nucleotide sequence regulatory element that controls expression of said nucleic acid.
 8. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of claim 2 operably linked to a nucleotide sequence regulatory element that controls expression of said nucleic acid.
 9. A genetically engineered host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 1. 10. A genetically engineered host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim
 2. 11. The host cell of claim 9, wherein the cell is a yeast or bacterium.
 12. The host cell of claim 10, wherein the cell is a yeast or bacterium.
 13. A genetically engineered host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 1 operably linked to a nucleotide sequence regulatory element that controls expression of the nucleic acid in the host cell.
 14. The host cell of claim 13, wherein the cell is a yeast or bacterium.
 15. A genetically engineered host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 2 operably linked to a nucleotide sequence regulatory element that controls expression of the nucleic acid in the host cell.
 16. The host cell of claim 15, wherein the cell is a yeast or bacterium.
 17. A method for identifying an antifungal agent, the method comprising: (a) contacting a nucleic acid encoding an AN17 polypeptide with a test compound, wherein the AN17 polypeptide has the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs:11, 33, 34, or 35; (b) detecting binding of the test compound to the nucleic acid; and (c) determining whether a test compound that binds to the nucleic acid inhibits growth of fungi, relative to growth of fungi cultured in the absence of the test compound that binds to the nucleic acid, wherein inhibition of growth is an indication that the test compound is an antifungal agent.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the test compound is selected from the group consisting of polypeptides, small molecules, ribonucleic acids, and deoxyribonucleic acids.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the test compound is an antisense oligonucleotide.
 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the test compound is a ribozyme.
 21. A method for identifying an antifungal agent, the method comprising: (a) contacting the nucleic acid of claim 2 with a test compound; (b) detecting binding of the test compound to the nucleic acid; and (c) determining whether a test compound that binds to the nucleic acid inhibits growth of fungi, relative to growth of fungi cultured in the absence of the test compound that binds to the nucleic acid, wherein inhibition of growth indicates that the test compound is an antifungal agent.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the test compound is selected from the group consisting of polypeptides, small molecules, ribonucleic acids, and deoxyribonucleic acids.
 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the test compound is an antisense molecule.
 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the test compound is a ribozyme. 